Ferromagnetic properties of anatase Ti1−Fe O2− thin films grown by sol–gel method

Abstract Magnetic and electronic properties of Fe-doped anatase TiO 2− δ thin films grown by a sol–gel method have been investigated by vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), and Hall effect measurements. VSM measurements revealed that the anatase Ti 1− x Fe x O 2− δ films exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature for a certain range of x . CEMS spectra revealed that Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions coexist, substituting the octahedral Ti 4+ sites. By appropriate Fe doping, the Ti 1− x Fe x O 2− δ films exhibited p-type character but the observed room-temperature ferromagnetism turned out to be independent of the hole concentration.