journal article·2026-08Open access

Engineered inorganic carriers for smart and controlled release of essential oils: Current trends and future directions

Elodia Spinelli, Federico Olivieri, Rachele Castaldo, Gennaro Gentile, Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore, Marino Lavorgna, Silvia Licoccia

Abstract

• Inorganic nanocarriers are explored to enhance essential oils stability and delivery • Essential oils loading is influenced by nanocarriers porosity and surface chemistry • Surface functionalization and formation of external polymeric shell are evaluated • Comparative analysis of release/volatilization kinetic parameters is provided • Challenges and future directions of essential oil loaded inorganic nanocarriers
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Polymer composites and self-healing · Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity · Clay minerals and soil interactions

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Nano- and micro-particles for delivery of catechins: physical and biological performance10.1080/10408398.2017.1422110 ↗
2. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers of active agents for smart anticorrosive organic coatings: a critical review10.1039/D1NR01899J ↗
3. Micro and nano-carriers-based pulmonary drug delivery system: their current updates, challenges, and limitations – A review10.1016/j.jciso.2023.100095 ↗
4. Drug carriers: classification, administration, release profiles, and industrial approach10.3390/pr9030470 ↗
5. Controlled drug delivery systems: current status and future directions10.3390/molecules26195905 ↗
6. Mesoporous silicon nanoparticles with liver-targeting and pH-response-release function are used for targeted drug delivery in liver cancer treatment10.3390/ijms25052525 ↗
7. Smart MSN-drug-Delivery system for tumor cell targeting and tumor microenvironment release10.1021/acsami.1c14189 ↗
8. Hasan M., Khalil M., Pathan M., Faisal Kabir M. Journal of medical and Health studies functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles as potential drug delivery vehicle against colorectal cancer 2024. https://doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.
9. Release of encapsulated bioactive compounds from active packaging/coating materials and its modeling: a systematic review10.3390/colloids7020025 ↗
10. Effects of antimicrobial nanocomposite films packaging on the postharvest quality and spoilage bacterial communities of mushrooms (Chanterelles)10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100996 ↗
11. Study on the property of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with nisin for poly (lactic acid)-based packaging film10.1002/pc.27588 ↗
12. Eco-efficient systems based on nanocarriers for the controlled release of fertilizers and pesticides: toward smart agriculture10.3390/nano13131978 ↗
13. Effectiveness of mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with benzoyl chloride in pH-responsive anticorrosion polymer coatings10.1021/acsapm.3c00585 ↗
14. New biocide based on Tributyltin(IV) ferulate-loaded halloysite nanotubes for preserving historical paper artworks10.3390/molecules28247953 ↗
15. Development and application of cinnamaldehyde-loaded halloysite nanotubes for the conservation of stone cultural heritage10.1016/j.clay.2023.106886 ↗
16. Analysis, occurrence, toxicity and environmental health risks of synthetic phenolic antioxidants: a review10.1016/j.envres.2021.111531 ↗
17. Synthetic phenolic antioxidants: a review of environmental occurrence, fate, Human exposure, and toxicity10.1021/acs.est.0c05077 ↗
18. Evaluation of plant origin essential oils as herbal biocides for the protection of caves belonging to natural and cultural heritage sites10.3390/microorganisms9091836 ↗
19. Essential oils as natural biocides in conservation of cultural heritage10.3390/molecules25030730 ↗
20. New frontiers review of some recent conservation techniques of organic and inorganic archaeological artefacts against microbial deterioration10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146582 ↗
21. Essential oils as alternative green broad-spectrum biocides10.3390/plants13233442 ↗
22. A review of regulatory standards and advances in essential oils as antimicrobials in foods10.1016/j.jfp.2022.100025 ↗
23. The effects of essential oils on the nervous system: a scoping review10.3390/molecules28093771 ↗
24. Plant essential oils as biocides in sustainable strategies for the conservation of cultural heritage
25. Essential oils: chemistry and pharmacological activities10.3390/biom13071144 ↗
26. Antimicrobial activity of syzygium aromaticum essential oil in Human health treatment10.3390/molecules29050999 ↗
27. Oregano, thyme, and lemongrass essential oils as antimicrobial agents in gelatin for photographic films10.1002/ejlt.202300198 ↗
28. Use of essential oils to counteract the phenomena of antimicrobial resistance in livestock species10.3390/antibiotics13020163 ↗
29. Antimicrobial activity of formulated origanum and thyme essential oil nanoemulsions - A comparative study10.2174/1573401319666230914140953 ↗
30. Citrus sinensis essential oils an innovative antioxidant and antipathogenic dual strategy in food preservation against spoliage bacteria10.3390/antiox12020246 ↗
31. Essential oils as natural antioxidants for the control of food preservation10.1016/j.focha.2023.100312 ↗
32. Antioxidant activity of essential oils from Pinaceae species10.3390/antiox13030286 ↗
33. Mateus D., Costa F., de Jesus V., Malaquias L. Biocides based on essential oils for sustainable conservation and restoration of mural paintings in built cultural heritage 2024. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.1486.v1.10.20944/preprints202411.1486.v1 ↗
34. Essential oils and Essential oil-based products compared to chemical biocides against microbial patinas on stone cultural heritage10.3390/coatings14121546 ↗
35. Antifungal activity of essential oils of tea tree, oregano, thyme, and cinnamon, and their components10.1590/1981-6723.07123 ↗
36. A first assessment of the biocidal efficacy of plant essential oils against lichens on stone cultural heritage, and the importance of evaluating suitable application protocols10.1016/j.culher.2022.02.006 ↗
37. On the acid-responsive release of benzotriazole from engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles for corrosion protection of metal surfaces10.1016/j.culher.2020.01.016 ↗
38. Encapsulation of Citrus sinensis essential oil and R-limonene in lipid nanocarriers: a potential strategy for the treatment of leishmaniasis10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124464 ↗
39. Mechanism of β–cyclodextrin - thyme nanocomplex formation and release: in silico behavior, structural and functional properties
40. Curcumin and carvacrol co-loaded zein nanoparticles: comprehensive preparation and assessment of biological activities in pest control
41. Oregano and thyme essential oils encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens10.3390/molecules26134055 ↗
42. Carvacrol encapsulation in chitosan–Carboxymethylcellulose–Alginate nanocarriers for postharvest tomato protection10.3390/ijms25021104 ↗
43. Polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced delivery and improved bioactivity of essential oils10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16543 ↗
44. Zein-based nanoparticles as active platforms for sustainable applications: recent advances and perspectives10.3390/nano14050414 ↗
45. Advantages and limitations of nanostructures for biomedical applications10.17219/acem/186846 ↗
46. Metal-organic framework materials for encapsulation, release and delivery of essential oils: engineering strategies and challenges10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112049 ↗
47. Metal organic frameworks for smart storage and delivery of aromatic volatiles and essential oils in agrifood
48. Nanoparticles—Attractive carriers of antimicrobial essential oils10.3390/antibiotics11010108 ↗
49. Emerging applications of zeolites in catalysis, separation and host–guest assembly10.1038/s41578-021-00347-3 ↗
50. Structural aspects of layered double hydroxides
51. Innovative silver-based capping system for mesoporous silica nanocarriers able to exploit a twofold anticorrosive mechanism in composite polymer coatings: tailoring benzotriazole release and capturing chloride ions10.1021/acsami.1c15231 ↗
52. Hierarchical micro-to-macroporous silica nanoparticles obtained by their grafting with hyper-crosslinked resin10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111864 ↗
53. Preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with tunable pore diameters for encapsulating and slowly releasing eugenol10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.033 ↗
54. Surface modified halloysite nanotubes: a flexible interface for biological, environmental and catalytic applications10.1016/j.cis.2018.09.001 ↗
55. Halloysite clay nanotubes for loading and sustained release of functional compounds10.1002/adma.201502341 ↗
56. Pore engineering of micro/mesoporous nanomaterials for encapsulation, controlled release and variegated applications of essential oils10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.005 ↗
57. Controlled release mechanism of thymol loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles for active packaging films10.1016/j.fbio.2023.103229 ↗
58. Comparative study of oregano essential oil encapsulated in halloysite nanotubes and diatomaceous earth as antimicrobial and antioxidant composites10.1016/j.clay.2022.106522 ↗
59. Modified halloysite nanotubes as GRAS nanocarrier for intelligent monitoring and food preservation10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138678 ↗
60. Plant essential oil sustained-release pellets for efficient elimination of pests10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122367 ↗
61. Sugarcane molasses essential oils: mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers to improve their slow-release activity and the study on their anti-inflammatory activities in vivo10.1039/D2FO02960J ↗
62. Chitosan-coated organosilica nanoparticles as a dual responsive delivery system of natural fragrance for axillary odor problem10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118277 ↗
63. Cinnamaldehyde and doxorubicin co-loaded graphene oxide wrapped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced mcf-7 cell apoptosis10.2147/IJN.S283981 ↗
64. Zein-functionalized MCM-41 silica nanoparticles with enzyme-responsive for controlled release in antibacterial activity10.3390/coatings13010057 ↗
65. Species-specific antimicrobial activity of essential oils and enhancement by encapsulation in mesoporous silica nanoparticles10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.081 ↗
66. Inorganic nanocarriers for encapsulation of natural antimicrobial compounds for potential food packaging application: a comparative study10.3390/nano11020379 ↗
67. Combining mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) with essential oils to tackle bacterial infection and oxidative stress for bone regeneration applications10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00218 ↗
68. Encapsulation of volatile monoterpene fragrances in mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles and potential application in fruit preservation10.3390/nano13010104 ↗
69. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a versatile platform for encapsulation and delivery of essential oils for food applications10.1016/j.cis.2024.103116 ↗
70. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for stimuli-responsive controlled drug delivery: advances, challenges, and outlook10.2147/IJN.S117495 ↗
71. Bioactive mesoporous nano-silica/potato starch films against molds commonly found in post-harvest white mushrooms10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.060 ↗
72. Encapsulation of ammoides pusila essential oil into mesoporous silica particles for the enhancement of their activity against fusarium avenaceum and its enniatins production10.3390/molecules28073194 ↗
73. Self-healing and antibacterial essential oil-loaded mesoporous silica/polyacrylate hybrid hydrogel for high-performance wearable body-strain sensing10.1021/acsami.2c03406 ↗
74. Long-term refrigerated storage of beef using an active edible film reinforced with mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing oregano essential oil (Lippia graveolens Kunth)10.3390/ijms24010092 ↗
75. Layer-by-layer assembly of modified halloysite nanotube using chitosan and sodium alginate to control the release of carvacrol and improve its stability
76. Multifunctional halloysite nanotube-polydopamine agro-carriers for controlling bacterial soft rot disease10.1039/D3EN00934C ↗
77. Dual biocide behaviour of quaternary ammonium functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Thymus essential oil for stone conservation10.3390/nano15110866 ↗
78. Halloysite nanotubes filled with salicylc acid and sodium diclofenac: effects of vacuum pumping on loading and release properties10.1007/s40097-021-00391-z ↗
79. Sponge-liked silica nanoporous particles for sustaining release and long-term antibacterial activity of natural essential oil10.3390/molecules28020594 ↗
80. Electrospun antimicrobial films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) containing eugenol essential oil encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles10.3390/nano9020227 ↗
81. Synergistic antimicrobial activities of tea tree oil loaded on mesoporous silica encapsulated by polyethyleneimine10.1080/01932691.2019.1637755 ↗
82. Remarkable enhancement of cinnamaldehyde antimicrobial activity encapsulated in capped mesoporous nanoparticles: a new “nanokiller” approach in the era of antimicrobial resistance10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213840 ↗
83. Secreted enzyme-responsive system for controlled antifungal agent release10.3390/nano11051280 ↗
84. Towards the enhancement of essential oil components’ antimicrobial activity using new zein protein-gated mesoporous silica microdevices10.3390/ijms22073795 ↗
85. One-step nanoencapsulation of essential oils and their application in hybrid coatings: a sustainable long-lasting treatment of stone materials against biodeterioration
86. One-pot self-assembly strategy to prepare mesoporous silica-based nanocomposites with enhanced and long-term antibacterial performance10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129654 ↗
87. One-step synthesis of methyl eugenol/schiff base mesoporous silica nanoparticles sustained-release performance with high lure efficiency10.1007/s10971-019-05134-9 ↗
88. Graphene oxide–silica hybrid capsules for sustained fragrance release10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.061 ↗
89. In vitro viability tests of new ecofriendly nanosystems incorporating essential oils for long-lasting conservation of stone artworks10.3390/gels10020132 ↗
90. Iron oxide–silica core–shell nanoparticles functionalized with essential oils for antimicrobial therapies10.3390/antibiotics10091138 ↗
91. Encapsulation and release of essential oils in functional silica nanocontainers10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01652 ↗
92. Polydopamine-coated halloysite nanotubes for sunlight-triggered release of active substances10.1021/acsanm.2c00403 ↗
93. Essential oil-loaded amine-modified HNTs composites for sustained release and enhanced antibacterial performance in root rot control10.1016/j.clay.2025.108066 ↗
94. Preparation and characterization of carvacrol essential oil-loaded halloysite nanotubes and their application in antibacterial packaging
95. Utilizing imine bonds to create a self-gated mesoporous silica material with controlled release and antimicrobial properties10.3390/nano13081384 ↗
96. Functionalization of mesoporous silica as an effective composite carrier for essential oils with improved sustained release behavior and long-term antibacterial performance10.1088/1361-6528/ac2fe2 ↗
97. Eugenol and thymol immobilised on mesoporous silica-based material as an innovative antifungal system: application in strawberry jam10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.006 ↗
98. Preparation and enhanced antimicrobial activity of thymol immobilized on different silica nanoparticles with application in apple juice10.3390/coatings12050671 ↗
99. The development and application of nanocomposites with pH-sensitive “gates” to control the release of active agents: extending the shelf-life of fresh wheat noodles10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108563 ↗
100. Light-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Osmanthus fragrance for improving leather odor10.1021/acsanm.1c03877 ↗