Recent innovations in surface topography

In this review, the authors provide a general review of current research themes where complex surface topography plays a role. Recent innovations and research possibilities have opened up using modern microtopography creation techniques. This review considers a large range of themes in limited depth to provide an introduction and to illustrate how broad the field is and, to those already working in the area, to help gain a broad perspective. Due to the breadth of scope, this review does not go into much depth into any given area. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of and practical guidance on the modern use of micro- and nanotopography to control water; adhesion; wettability; biological adhesion, including implants, cell culture and biofouling; and directional fluid transport. The broad range of functionality is highlighted in the many interfacial interactions. However, the methods allowing economy of scale allowing these surfaces to be used commonly is still in development. To make this review more accessible, the authors have chosen to concentrate on open-access articles to cite.