Effect of Bias Magnetic Field on Magnetoelectric Characteristics in Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Laminate Composites

The magnetoelectric (ME) characteristics for Terfenol-D/PZT laminate composite dependence on bias magnetic field is investigated. At low frequency, ME response is determined by the piezomagnetic coefficient $d_33,m$ and the elastic compliance $s₃₃^H$ of magnetostrictive material, $d_33,m$ and $s₃₃^H$ for Terfenol-D are inherently nonlinear and dependent on $H_dc$, leading to the influence of $H_dc$ on low-frequency ME voltage coefficient. At resonance, the mechanical quality factor $Q_m$ dependences on $H_dc$ results in the differences between the low-frequency and resonant ME voltage coefficient with $H_dc$. In terms of ${\Delta}E$ effect, the resonant frequency shift is derived with respect to the bias magnetic field. Considering the nonlinear effect of magnetostrictive material and $Q_m$ dependence on $H_dc$c, it predicts the low-frequency and resonant ME voltage coefficients as a function of the dc bias magnetic field. A good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data is obtained and it is found that ME characteristics dependence on $H_dc$ are mainly influenced by the nonlinear effect of magnetostrictive material.