Influence of the pulse duration at near-infrared wavelengths on the laser-induced material removal of hot-dipped galvanized steel
Source abstract
Abstract
Hot-dipped galvanized steel is processed with short- and ultrashort-pulsed lasers in air at near-infrared wavelengths with pulse durations ranging from 350 fs to 241 ns. The morphology of the ablated craters (processed over a range of laser fluence levels and a number of laser pulses) is analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ablation threshold of galvanized steel is found to increase with laser pulse durations following a simple power Fth=A.τB law. Longer pulse durations in the nanosecond regime, as compared to pulse durations in the picosecond and femtosecond regime, result in higher ablation efficiency and energy penetration depth at the cost of surface quality.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Laser Material Processing Techniques · Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma · Ocular and Laser Science Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Chair of Laser Processing, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces & Systems (MS3), Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente 1 , Enschede, The Netherlands
Chair of Skin Tribology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces & Systems (MS3), University of Twente 2 , Enschede, The Netherlands
Funding
Tata Steel Nederlands Technology BV
References (73)
Show source-provided references
1. Surface modification to improve properties of materials10.3390/ma12030441 ↗
2. 2011
3. Influence of the pulse duration in the ps-regime on the ablation efficiency of metals10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.118 ↗
4. From fs to sub-ns: Dependence of the material removal rate on the pulse duration for metals10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.150 ↗
5. Experimental investigations of laser ablation efficiency of pure metals with femto, pico and nanosecond pulses10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00411-5 ↗
6. Thermodynamic pathways to melting, ablation, and solidification in absorbing solids under pulsed laser irradiation10.1103/PhysRevB.73.134108 ↗
7. Electron and lattice dynamics following optical excitation of metals10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00330-4 ↗
8. The role of electron–phonon coupling in femtosecond laser damage of metals
9. Thermal response of metals to ultrashort-pulse laser excitation10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2886 ↗
10. Atomistic modeling of short pulse laser ablation of metals: Connections between melting, spallation, and phase explosion10.1021/jp902294m ↗
11. Modelling ultrafast laser ablation10.1088/1361-6463/50/19/193001 ↗
12. Ablation of solids by femtosecond lasers: Ablation mechanism and ablation thresholds for metals and dielectrics10.1063/1.1447555 ↗
13. Time-resolved thermoreflectivity of thin gold films and its dependence on film thickness10.1007/s003400050189 ↗
14. Use of optical anisotropy for study of ultrafast phase transformations at solid surfaces10.1007/s003390051045 ↗
15. Mechanisms of laser ablation from molecular dynamics simulations: Dependence on the initial temperature and pulse duration10.1007/s003390051358 ↗
16. An improved model for nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of metals10.1063/1.4818513 ↗
17. Short-pulse laser ablation of solid targets10.1016/0030-4018(96)00250-7 ↗
18. Thermodynamics and kinetics of metallic alloy formation by picosecond pulsed laser irradiation10.1515/HTMP.1986.7.2-3.91 ↗
19. Short and ultrashort pulsed laser processing of zinc: Resolidification morphology of ablated craters10.2961/jlmn.2018.03.0006 ↗
20. Direct visualization of the complete evolution of femtosecond laser-induced surface structural dynamics of metals10.1038/lsa.2016.256 ↗
21. Picosecond-pulsed laser ablation of zinc: Crater morphology and comparison of methods to determine ablation threshold10.1364/OE.26.018664 ↗
22. Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc10.1017/S026303461300102X ↗
23. Time-series analysis of global zinc demand associated with steel10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.10.013 ↗
24. The anthropogenic cycle of zinc: Status quo and perspectives10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.01.006 ↗
25. Deep ablation and depth profiling by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) employing multi-pulse laser excitation: Application to galvanized steel10.1366/11-06242 ↗
26. Angle-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectrometry for depth profiling of coated materials10.1366/0003702001950526 ↗
27. Online coating thickness measurement and depth profiling of zinc coated sheet steel by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy10.1016/j.sab.2005.07.003 ↗
28. Optimization of parameters for depth resolution of galvanized steel by LIBS technique10.1016/j.optlastec.2013.06.004 ↗
29. Feasibility of depth profiling of Zn-based coatings by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry using infrared Nd: YAG and ArF* lasers10.1016/j.sab.2005.02.001 ↗
30. Depth analysis of polymer-coated steel samples using near-infrared femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry10.1021/ac070241q ↗
31. Nanometric range depth-resolved analysis of coated-steels using laser-induced breakdown spectrometry with a 308 nm collimated beam10.1039/A802343C ↗
32. Depth-resolved anaylsis of multilayered samples by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry10.1039/a607622j ↗
33. The metallurgy of zinc-coated steel10.1016/S0079-6425(98)00006-1 ↗
34. A review on recent approaches in the field of hot dip zinc galvanizing process10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.12.054 ↗
35. Superhydrophobic film on hot-dip galvanized steel with corrosion resistance and self-cleaning properties10.3390/met8090687 ↗
36. Fabrication of water-repellent surfaces on galvanized steel10.1039/C6RA15451D ↗
37. The influence of different work-roll texturing systems on the development of surface structure in the temper rolling process of steel sheet used in the automotive industry10.1016/0924-0136(94)90343-3 ↗
38. Single step laser surface texturing for enhancing contact angle and tribological properties10.1007/s00170-018-1579-8 ↗
39. Single-step laser plasmonic coloration of metal films10.1021/acsami.7b16339 ↗
40. Laser surface texturing to enhance adhesion bond strength of spray coatings—Cold spraying, wire-arc spraying, and atmospheric plasma spraying10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.007 ↗
41. D. Cole, “The splashing morphology of liquid-liquid impacts,” Ph.D. thesis, James Cook University, 2007.
42. Characterization of laser ablation of copper in the irradiance regime of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis10.1016/j.sab.2014.08.029 ↗
43. Simple technique for measurements of pulsed Gaussian-beam spot sizes10.1364/OL.7.000196 ↗
44. The effect of damage accumulation behaviour on ablation thresholds and damage morphology in ultrafast laser micro-machining of common metals in air10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.03.229 ↗
45. Sub-picosecond UV laser ablation of metals10.1007/BF01538207 ↗
46. Use of high repetition rate and high power lasers in microfabrication: How to keep the efficiency high?10.2961/jlmn.2009.03.0008 ↗
47. Effect of surface roughness on the ultrashort pulsed laser ablation fluence threshold of zinc and steel10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.066 ↗
48. Laser-induced damage on single-crystal metal surfaces10.1364/JOSAB.5.000648 ↗
49. Ablation threshold dependence on pulse duration for copper10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00463-4 ↗
50. Laser ablation of dielectrics with pulse durations between 20 fs and 3 ps10.1063/1.116810 ↗
51. Laser ablation threshold dependence on pulse duration for fused silica and corneal tissues: Experiments and modeling10.1364/JOSAA.24.001562 ↗
52. Processing of dielectric materials and metals with ps laser pulses10.2351/1.5062103 ↗
53. Experimental investigation of ablation efficiency and plasma expansion during femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation of silicon10.1007/s00339-004-2963-9 ↗
54. Thermophysical effects in laser processing of materials with picosecond and femtosecond pulses10.1063/1.360570 ↗
55. Residual thermal effects in Al following single ns-and fs-laser pulse ablation10.1007/s00339-005-3412-0 ↗
56. Effect of laser absorption on picosecond laser ablation of Cr12MoV mold steel, 9Cr18 stainless steel and H13A cemented carbide10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.10.036 ↗
57. Fluid modeling of the laser ablation depth as a function of the pulse duration for conductors10.1103/PhysRevE.66.066415 ↗
58. Laser ablation for analytical sampling: What can we learn from modeling?10.1016/j.sab.2003.08.004 ↗
59. Multiphysical simulation of ns-laser ablation of multi-material LED-structures10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.057 ↗
60. Model and computer simulation of nanosecond laser material ablation10.1007/s00339-004-2723-x ↗
61. Femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond laser microablation: Laser plasma and crater investigation10.1017/S0263034602201093 ↗
62. Effect of laser parameters on laser ablation and laser-induced plasma formation: A numerical modeling investigation10.1016/j.sab.2005.06.009 ↗
63. Real-time monitoring of the pulsed laser ablation of metals using ablation plasma spectroscopy10.1007/s11090-012-9359-y ↗
64. Detailed studies of the plume deflection effect during long laser irradiation of solid targets10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00378-1 ↗
65. Effect of surface topography in the generation of chemical maps by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.04.026 ↗
66. Microdrilling of metals with an inexpensive and compact ultra-short-pulse fiber amplified microchip laser10.1007/s00339-008-4906-3 ↗
67. Optical properties of Zn10.1103/PhysRev.171.743 ↗
68. Experimental determination of laser induced breakdown thresholds of metals under nanosecond Q-switched laser operation10.1016/S0584-8547(98)00107-4 ↗
69. 1993
70. 1991
71. Ultrafast dynamics of coherent optical phonons and nonequilibrium electrons in transition metals10.1103/PhysRevB.71.184301 ↗
72. Reference data for the density and viscosity of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, mercury, silicon, thallium, and zinc10.1063/1.4729873 ↗
73. Surface tension of zinc: The positive temperature coefficient10.1007/BF02657660 ↗