Piezoelectric Constants Measured from Converse Piezoelectric Effect and Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuators

The piezoelectric constants d_(33) and d_(31) under weak and stronger field were measured fromstrain S vs electric field E curves for the converwse piezoelectric effect. It was shown that on thecurves there is a critical field E_b, from which strains and d_(33), d_(31) were obyiously increased, and theresult was discussed in the view of reorientation of 90°domain intrinsically existed in piezoelectricceramics. This method of measuring d_(33), d_(31) is simple and convenient, as well as more practical,especially for piezoelectric ceramic actuator, as compared with that usually obtained them frompositive piezoelectric effect.