Numerical and theoretical investigation of optical interference effects in top-emission QLEDs
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Top-emission quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been extensively studied due to their potential application in augmented/virtual reality. Particularly, the impact of Fabry-Pérot resonance on top-emission QLEDs has been investigated through both experimental and theoretical studies. Additionally, multi-beam interference effects in QLED emission layers have been explored theoretically. However, previous studies predominantly rely on simplified simulations or governing equations with minor numerical corrections, often resulting in discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results. Notably, a comprehensive investigation of multi-beam interference effects remains insufficient. This study aims to perform a theoretical analysis of multi-beam interference, substantiated with numerical simulations. Specifically, we examine Fabry-Pérot resonance effects and compare them with interference between upward and downward emission components in QLED layers. The findings are expected to provide insights into designing more efficient QLED architectures.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices · Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices · Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (29)
Show source-provided references
1. T. Lee, M. Lee, H. Seo, M. Kim, B. Chun, J. Kwak, Top-emitting quantum dot light-emitting diodes: theory, optimization, and application. Small Methods 8(2), 2300266 (2024)10.1002/smtd.202300266 ↗
2. G. Mei, W. Wang, D. Wu, P.A. Surman, K. Wang, W.C. Choy, X. Yang, W. Xu, X.W. Sun, Full-color quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on microcavities. IEEE Photonics J. 14(2), 1–9 (2022)10.1109/JPHOT.2022.3159278 ↗
3. H. Li, S. Zhou, S. Chen, Highly efficient top-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with record-breaking external quantum efficiency of over 44.5%. Laser Photonics Rev. 17(8), 2300371 (2023)10.1002/lpor.202300371 ↗
4. S. Rhee, K. Kim, J. Roh, J. Kwak, Recent progress in high-luminance quantum dot light-emitting diodes. Curr. Opt. Photon 4(3), 161–173 (2020)
5. J. Yoo, K. Lee, U.J. Yang, H.H. Song, J.H. Jang, G.H. Lee, M.S. Bootharaju, J.H. Kim, K. Kim, S.I. Park, Highly efficient printed quantum dot light-emitting diodes through ultrahigh-definition double-layer transfer printing. Nat. Photonics 18(10), 1105–1112 (2024)10.1038/s41566-024-01496-x ↗
6. J.Y. Lee, E.A. Kim, Y. Choi, J. Han, D. Hahm, D. Shin, W.K. Bae, J. Lim, S.-Y. Cho, High-resolution multicolor patterning of inp quantum dot films by atomic layer deposition of zno. ACS Photonics 10(8), 2598–2607 (2023)10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00332 ↗
7. S.J. Park, C. Keum, H. Zhou, T.-W. Lee, W. Choe, H. Cho, Progress and prospects of nanoscale emitter technology for ar/vr displays. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(20), 2201070 (2023)10.1002/admt.202201070 ↗
8. J. Kang, G.W. Baek, J.Y. Lee, J. Kwak, J.-H. Park, Advances in display technology: augmented reality, virtual reality, quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes, and organic light-emitting diodes. Journal of Information Display, 1–16 (2024)10.1080/15980316.2024.2350437 ↗
9. L. Chen, Z. Qin, S. Chen, Ultrahigh resolution pixelated top-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes enabled by color-converting cavities. Small Methods 6(1), 2101090 (2022)10.1002/smtd.202101090 ↗
10. R. Zhu, Z. Luo, S.-T. Wu, Light extraction analysis and enhancement in a quantum dot light emitting diode. Opt. Express 22(S7), 1783–1798 (2014)10.1364/OE.22.0A1783 ↗
11. T. Lee, M. Kim, B. Chun, G. Park, S. Yim, S. Yu, J. Kwak, Recent advances in light outcoupling from quantum-dot light-emitting diodes. ACS Photonics 11(12), 5050–5060 (2024)10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01617 ↗
12. Z. Tahir, M.U. Rashid, S. Kim, Y.C. Park, H.N. Tran, S. Cho, Y.S. Kim, Highly reflective distributed bragg reflectors for planar microcavities: from modelling to experimentation. Trans. Electr. Electron. Mater. 25(1), 32–39 (2024)10.1007/s42341-023-00483-3 ↗
13. J.H. Oh, D.B. Choi, K.-H. Lee, H. Yang, Y.R. Do, Enhanced light extraction from green quantum dot light-emitting diodes by attaching microstructure arrayed films. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 22(1), 42–47 (2015)10.1109/JSTQE.2015.2457613 ↗
14. K. Kang, Y. Lee, J. Kim, H. Lee, B. Yang, A generalized fabry-pérot formulation for optical modeling of organic light-emitting diodes considering the dipole orientation and light polarization. IEEE Photonics J. 8(2), 1–19 (2016)10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2535309 ↗
15. L. Deng, H. Shi, X. Meng, S. Chen, H. Zhou, Y. Xu, X. Li, L. Wang, B. Liu, W. Huang, Pure and stable top-emitting white organic light-emitting diodes utilizing heterojunction blue emission layers and wide-angle interference. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6(7), 5273–5280 (2014)10.1021/am5006354 ↗
16. M. Li, R. Li, L. Wu, X. Lin, X. Xia, Z. Ao, X. Sun, X. Chen, S. Chen, Ultrabright and stable top-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with negligible angular color shift. Nat. Commun. 15(1), 5161 (2024)10.1038/s41467-024-49574-6 ↗
17. L. Shi, S. Chen, Over 32.5% efficient top-emitting quantum-dot leds with angular-independent emission. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14(26), 30039–30045 (2022)10.1021/acsami.2c06670 ↗
18. E. Dahal, D. Allemeier, B. Isenhart, K. Cianciulli, M.S. White, Characterization of higher harmonic modes in fabry-pérot microcavity organic light emitting diodes. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 8456 (2021)10.1038/s41598-021-87697-8 ↗
19. W. Zhang, L. Zhang, Z.-C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, T.J. Cui, Taming fabry–pérot resonances in a dual-metasurface multiband antenna. Nat. Commun. 14(1), 1–9 (2023)
20. L. Chen, X. Wang, H. Li, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, A. Wang, High-sensitivity fiber-optic fabry–perot interferometric sensor for acoustic emission detection. Opt. Express 28(4), 4825–4836 (2020)10.1364/OE.387504 ↗
21. K. Liu, W. Chen, B. Xu, W. Zhang, A. Wang, High-finesse fiber fabry–perot interferometer for high-temperature sensing. Opt. Lett. 44(7), 1710–1713 (2019)10.1364/OL.44.001710 ↗
22. M. Mahissi, W. Cai, X. Zhang, X. Tong, M. Dossou, Diaphragms simulation, fabrication, and testing of a high temperature fiber optic f-p accelerometer based on mems. Opt. Express 31(14), 22345–22358 (2023)
23. M.F. Schubert, J.-Q. Xi, J.K. Kim, E.F. Schubert, Distributed bragg reflector consisting of high-and low-refractive-index thin film layers made of the same material. Applied physics letters 90(14) (2007)10.1063/1.2720269 ↗
24. S.-Y. Kuo, K.-B. Hong, T.-C. Lu, Enhanced light output of uva gan vertical leds with novel dbr mirrors. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 51(12), 1–5 (2015)10.1109/JQE.2015.2502901 ↗
25. H. Kim, S.-Y. Cho, Enhanced multicolor led performance through wavelength-dependent reflector. Opt. Express 33(21), 43931–43940 (2025)10.1364/OE.572218 ↗
26. W. Wang, Z. Wu, G. Mei, J. Ma, H. An, K. Wang, X.W. Sun, Z. Peng, High-performance top-emitting quantum dot light-emitting diodes by balancing electrical conductance and light outcoupling. J. Mater. Chem. C 12(5), 1668–1674 (2024)10.1039/D3TC03780K ↗
27. C.-W. Chen, S.-Y. Hsiao, C.-Y. Chen, H.-W. Kang, Z.-Y. Huang, H.-W. Lin, Optical properties of organometal halide perovskite thin films and general device structure design rules for perovskite single and tandem solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 3(17), 9152–9159 (2015)10.1039/C4TA05237D ↗
28. A. Ciesielski, L. Skowronski, M. Trzcinski, T. Szoplik, Controlling the optical parameters of self-assembled silver films with wetting layers and annealing. Appl. Surf. Sci. 421, 349–356 (2017)10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.039 ↗
29. F. Cheng, P.-H. Su, J. Choi, S. Gwo, X. Li, C.-K. Shih, Epitaxial growth of atomically smooth aluminum on silicon and its intrinsic optical properties. ACS Nano 10(11), 9852–9860 (2016)10.1021/acsnano.6b05556 ↗