Evaluating the impact of soft bracing and textile engineering in enhancing postural control and proprioception in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is often associated with unbalanced posture and proprioceptive deficits and is particularly prone to progression during puberty. However, limited research has addressed early intervention for mild curves (10-20 degrees). This study aims to examine the effects of a soft bracing intervention using the Posture Correction Girdle (PCG) on 3D postural balance and proprioception in adolescents with early-stage scoliosis. Cobb angles were measured with the X-ray Imaging before and after a 2-h wear trial with the girdle to assess immediate curve reduction. Postural angles were visualized using 3D body scanning. Proprioception was assessed using a motion capture system, focusing on trunk, neck, elbow, and knee movements under the eye-open and eye-closed condition. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation and partial Mantel tests to examine postural balance and proprioceptive outcomes. Results indicated significant improvements in postural balance in the frontal and sagittal planes, and proprioception in the dominant-side elbow. However, other proprioceptive measures showed limited changes, with responses differing by spinal curvature. Strong correlations emerged between proprioceptive function and postural angles in the thoracic and lumbar regions. These findings suggest that soft bracing can enhance postural control for mild AIS, though individual variability in responses highlights the need for personalized bracing strategies. This study supports soft bracing as a promising therapeutic option, underscoring the importance of individualized assessment to optimize brace design and effectiveness in early-onset scoliosis management.