Surface modification of cotton-polyester fabric using silica nanoparticles and silica aerogel: UV protection and thermal analysis

Occupational and environmental exposure to extreme temperatures and harmful UV radiation poses significant health risks for workers in various industries. This study aimed to develop innovative workwear fabrics with enhanced thermal and UV protection properties. A blend of 70% cotton and 30% polyester fabric was coated with SiO ₂ nanoparticles and silica aerogel. The UV protection factor (UPF) was determined using standard methods (BS EN 13758-1:2002 and AS/NZ 4399:1996). Thermal properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal imaging. The coated fabrics exhibited significantly improved thermal insulation compared to the uncoated control, reducing surface temperatures by up to 7.4°C. Both SiO ₂ nanoparticle- and silica aerogel-coated fabrics achieved excellent UV protection with UPFs of 39.28 and 38.11, respectively. TGA analysis revealed the thermal stability of the coating materials. The developed workwear fabrics offer promising solutions for mitigating occupational heat stress and UV exposure. These innovative materials have the potential to enhance worker safety and comfort in challenging environments.