Material, structure, and design of textile-based compression devices for managing chronic edema

Background: Compression bandages, stockings, and pneumatic compression devices are common classifications of compression products, used alone or in combination. The structure of these compression products is complex: they are typically multi-layered, overlapped, stretched and applied to a three-dimensional curved surface part of the body. This research aims to review the materials, designs, and fabrication processes/technologies of a variety of compression devices used in management of chronic edema by considering contributions of materials/textiles, as well as prototyping technologies. Method: Relevant papers/patents for review were identified using keywords associated with materials, designs, and fabrication processes of textile-based compression devices/products for treatments of the edematous lower limb. Results: Modern Compression therapies employ textile materials with a variety of fiber types, yarns and fabric structures, and wide range of elasticity and extensibility (i.e. inelastic to elastic, short stretch to long stretch) to provide the required pressure to the lower leg. Compression fabrics are fabricated using a variety of production technologies and machineries, and they have a wide range of physical and performance attributes. Conclusions: Appropriate selection of materials and fabrication technologies for use in compression therapy is essential to enhance the success in the management of chronic edema. This review might aid in the development and implementation of textiles/materials, and improvement in design of the textile-based compression devices to increase the efficacy of compression therapies in the management of chronic edema, allowing patients to improve their long-term health.