Investigation of triple core-spun yarn and its impact on Woven fabric performance

Hybrid yarns combine the benefits of different fibers, enhancing strength, elasticity, and comfort, making them highly suitable for advanced textile and apparel applications. This study develops tri-core spun yarns using various core material configurations and spinning techniques, including texturing and Hamel twisting methods, to enhance the performance of denim fabrics. Yarns were manufactured with a modified (adjusted) ring-spinning system incorporating T400 ^® (PET-polyethylene terephthalate/PTT-polytrimethylene terephthalate) and Lycra ^® as core elements, with cotton as the sheath. The developed tri-core yarns were used as weft in 3/1 Z twill denim fabrics woven with indigo-dyed cotton warps under standardized conditions on a Rapier weaving machine (Picanol OptiMax-i). The results indicate that tri-core spun yarns significantly improve overall properties, particularly those produced using the Hamel twisting method. Statistical analysis (one-way MANOVA) confirmed significant differences among yarn and fabric properties. The Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method identified the most suitable fabric variant, with TC-5 yarn (The core components (filament and lycra ^® ) are combined with the Hamel twisting method, and the Lycra ^® is used as another core element), demonstrating optimal performance. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of tri-core spun yarns for high-performance denim and industrial applications.