Peptide‐Based Nanoparticles Suppress Hepatic Inflammation via Blockage of Human Antigen R

Abstract Human antigen R (HuR), which is a mRNA‐binding protein that stabilizes and regulates mRNA translation, is found to have increased expression in inflammation, cancer and other diseases, making HuR to be a promising drug target. This study reports a peptide‐based nanoparticle (NP) system exhibits potent anti‐inflammatory activity to ameliorate acute liver injury via the ability of peptides to inhibit the mRNA binding site of HuR and block downstream signaling. Molecular modeling provided structural evidence indicating that the peptides interact with the RNA‐binding site of HuR, mainly via hydrogen‐bonding and hydrophobic interactions. These peptide‐based NPs can act as nanocarriers to deliver peptides into cells to compete with the mRNA binding site of HuR, evidenced by the reduction of antibody recognition to the native protein and the exhibition of anti‐inflammatory activity against activated macrophage cells, with no adverse effect in vitro and in vivo. In LPS/D‐GalN‐induced hepatic sepsis with high dosage of LPS/GalN, administration of the NPs significantly attenuated necrosis and HuR expression, resulting in the significant improvement of animal survival rate, suggesting their therapeutic potential for hepatic inflammation and a broad range of HuR‐overexpressed diseases.