Preparation of Pyramids Structured Silicon as a Support for Nano Sized Zero Valent Iron Particles for Nitrate Removal from Water
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, pyramids structured silicon (PSi) has been made from metallurgical grade silicon powder with wet alkaline etching and then chemically activated with nano zero valent iron (NZVI) to eliminate nitrate. The NZVI/PSi composite was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The size of NZVI particles was between 30–100 nm coated on PSi without clustering of the NZVI particles due to the electromagnetic attraction forces. The synergistic effect of NZVI/PSi composites obviously increased remarkably nitrate removal efficiency than NZVI alone. Chemical reduction of nitrate by zerovalent iron in water requires acidic pH conditions but NZVI/PSi composite can reduce nitrate in water in the pH range of 2–7. Also, removal of nitrate complete in 20 min by NZVI/PSi composite that was shorter than NZVI in 120 min. Above all, this composite completely was separated from solution with external magnetic field.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Environmental remediation with nanomaterials · Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions · Graphene research and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. Kapoor A, Viraraghavan T (1997) Nitrate removal from drinking water-review. J Environ Eng 123:371–38010.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:4(371) ↗
2. Bhatnagar A, Sillanpää M (2011) A review of emerging adsorbents for nitrate removal from water. Chem Eng J 168:493–50410.1016/j.cej.2011.01.103 ↗
3. Zhang W (2003) Nanoscale iron particles for environmental remediation: an overview. J Nanoparticle Res 5:323–33210.1023/A:1025520116015 ↗
4. Shin K-H, Cha DK (2008) Microbial reduction of nitrate in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 72:257–26210.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.043 ↗
5. Suzuki T, Moribe M, Oyama Y, Niinae M (2012) Mechanism of nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron: equilibrium and kinetics studies. Chem Eng J 183:271–27710.1016/j.cej.2011.12.074 ↗
6. Wang W, Jin Z, Li T et al (2006) Preparation of spherical iron nanoclusters in ethanol–water solution for nitrate removal. Chemosphere 65:1396–140410.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.075 ↗
7. Su Y, Adeleye AS, Huang Y et al (2014) Simultaneous removal of cadmium and nitrate in aqueous media by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and Au doped nZVI particles. Water Res 63:102–11110.1016/j.watres.2014.06.008 ↗
8. Yang GCC, Lee H-L (2005) Chemical reduction of nitrate by nanosized iron: kinetics and pathways. Water Res 39:884–89410.1016/j.watres.2004.11.030 ↗
9. Zhang Y, Li Y, Li J et al (2011) Enhanced removal of nitrate by a novel composite: nanoscale zero valent iron supported on pillared clay. Chem Eng J 171:526–53110.1016/j.cej.2011.04.022 ↗
10. Zhang W, Wang C (1997) Nanoscale metal particles for dechlorination of PCE and PCBs. Environ Sci Technol 31:2154–215610.1021/es970039c ↗
11. Shariati S, Khabazipour M, Safa F (2017) Synthesis and application of amine functionalized silica mesoporous magnetite nanoparticles for removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. J Porous Mater 24:129–13910.1007/s10934-016-0245-5 ↗
12. Anbia M, Kargosha K, Khoshbooei S (2015) Heavy metal ions removal from aqueous media by modified magnetic mesoporous silica MCM-48. Chem Eng Res Des 93:779–78810.1016/j.cherd.2014.07.018 ↗
13. Anbia M, Rezaie M (2016) Synthesis of supported ruthenium catalyst for phenol degradation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate. Water Air Soil Pollut 227:34910.1007/s11270-016-3047-0 ↗
14. Xu J, Gao N, Tang Y et al (2010) Perchlorate removal using granular activated carbon supported iron compounds: synthesis, characterization and reactivity. J Environ Sci 22:1807–181310.1016/S1001-0742(09)60323-5 ↗
15. Zhang H, Jin Z, Lu H, Qin C (2006) Synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on exfoliated graphite for removal of nitrate. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 16:s345–s34910.1016/S1003-6326(06)60207-0 ↗
16. Lu H, Wang W, Xiao Z et al (2015) Facile synthesis of MCM-41/nano zero-valent iron composite for catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol. J Porous Mater 22:1559–156510.1007/s10934-015-0038-2 ↗
17. Mishra V, Tiwari V, Patel PN et al (2016) Nanoporous silicon microcavity based fuel adulteration sensor. Silicon 8:409–41510.1007/s12633-015-9311-x ↗
18. Syshchyk O, Skryshevsky VA, Soldatkin OO, Soldatkin AP (2015) Enzyme biosensor systems based on porous silicon photoluminescence for detection of glucose, urea and heavy metals. Biosens Bioelectron 66:89–9410.1016/j.bios.2014.10.075 ↗
19. Harraz FA (2014) Porous silicon chemical sensors and biosensors: A review. Sensors Actuators B Chem 202:897–91210.1016/j.snb.2014.06.048 ↗
20. Wang M, Hartman PS, Loni A et al (2016) Stain etched nanostructured porous silicon: the role of morphology on antibacterial drug loading and release. Silicon 8:525–53110.1007/s12633-015-9397-1 ↗
21. Yerokhov VY, Melnyk II (1999) Porous silicon in solar cell structures: a review of achievements and modern directions of further use. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 3:291–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00005-210.1016/S1364-0321(99)00005-2 ↗
22. du Plessis M (2014) A decade of porous silicon as nano-explosive material. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 39:348–36410.1002/prep.201300053 ↗
23. Cross T, Reiman D, D’Couto C (2015) Development of porous silicon based direct methanol fuel cells with nitric acid as liquid oxidant for portable applications. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Energy Environ 4:189–19510.1002/wene.127 ↗
24. Dzhafarov TD, Yuksel SA, Aydin M (2014) Nanoporous silicon-based ammonia-fed fuel cells. Mater Sci Appl 5:1020
25. Dai F, Zai J, Yi R et al (2014) Bottom-up synthesis of high surface area mesoporous crystalline silicon and evaluation of its hydrogen evolution performance. Nat Commun 5:3605–361510.1038/ncomms4605 ↗
26. Ge M, Rong J, Fang X et al (2013) Scalable preparation of porous silicon nanoparticles and their application for lithium-ion battery anodes. Nano Res 6:174–18110.1007/s12274-013-0293-y ↗
27. McSweeney W, Geaney H, O’Dwyer C (2015) Metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon and the behavior of nanoscale silicon materials as Li-ion battery anodes. Nano Res 8:1395–144210.1007/s12274-014-0659-9 ↗
28. Vásquez MA, Romero-Paredes G, Andraca-Adame JA, Peña-Sierra R (2016) Fabrication and characterization of ZnO: Zn (n + )/Porous-Silicon/Si (p) heterojunctions for white light emitting diodes. Rev Mex Fis 62:5–9
29. Lazarouk SK, Leshok AA, Labunov VA, Borisenko VE (2005) Efficiency of avalanche light-emitting diodes based on porous silicon. Semiconductors 39:136–13810.1134/1.1852663 ↗
30. Polisski S, Goller B, Wilson K et al (2010) In situ synthesis and catalytic activity in CO oxidation of metal nanoparticles supported on porous nanocrystalline silicon. J Catal 271:59–6610.1016/j.jcat.2010.02.002 ↗
31. Mendoza-Agüero N, Kumar Y, Olive-Mendez SF et al (2014) Optimization of tungsten oxide films electro-deposited on macroporous silicon for gas sensing applications: effect of annealing temperature. Ceram Int 40:16603–1661010.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.019 ↗
32. Dalvand R, Mahmud S, Alimanesh M, Vakili AH (2016) Optical and structural properties of well-aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays grown on porous silicon substrates by electric field-assisted aqueous solution method. Ceram Int 43:1488–149410.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.119 ↗
33. Yae S, Kobayashi T, Kawagishi T et al (2006) Antireflective porous layer formation on multicrystalline silicon by metal particle enhanced HF etching. Sol Energy 80:701–70610.1016/j.solener.2005.10.011 ↗
34. Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Eaton AD (1999) Water Environment Federation Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, vol 1. American Public Health Association, Washington, pp 1198–1200
35. Al-Amin M, Assi A (2013) Efficiency improvement of crystalline silicon solar cells. Mater Process energy Commun Curr Res Technol Dev (A Méndez-Vilas Ed), pp 22–31
36. Xiao J, Wang L, Li X et al (2010) Reflectivity of porous-pyramids structured silicon surface. Appl Surf Sci 257:472–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.07.01410.1016/j.apsusc.2010.07.014 ↗
37. Shah IA, Van Enckevort WJP, Vlieg E (2010) Absolute etch rates in alkaline etching of silicon (111). Sens Actuators A Phys 164:154–16010.1016/j.sna.2010.09.014 ↗
38. Park H, Kwon S, Lee JS et al (2009) Improvement on surface texturing of single crystalline silicon for solar cells by saw-damage etching using an acidic solution. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93:1773–177810.1016/j.solmat.2009.06.012 ↗
39. Fulong Y, Yongfeng G, Yingchun L et al (2004) Micro-fabrication of crystalline silicon by controlled alkali etching. J Mater Process Technol 149:567–57210.1016/j.jmatprotec.2003.10.060 ↗
40. Zhu S-N, Liu G, Hui KS et al (2014) A facile approach for the synthesis of stable amorphous nanoscale zero-valent iron particles. Electron Mater Lett 10:143–14610.1007/s13391-013-2123-5 ↗
41. Huang YH, Zhang TC (2004) Effects of low pH on nitrate reduction by iron powder. Water Res 38:2631–264210.1016/j.watres.2004.03.015 ↗
42. Hu Y-S, Demir-Cakan R, Titirici M-M et al (2008) Superior storage performance of a Si@ SiOx/C nanocomposite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Angew Chemie Int Ed 47:1645–164910.1002/anie.200704287 ↗
43. Sing KSW, Gregg SJ (1982) Adsorption, surface area and porosity. Adsorpt Surf Area Porosity
44. Van Der Voort P, Ravikovitch PI, De Jong KP et al (2002) A new templated ordered structure with combined micro-and mesopores and internal silica nanocapsules. J Phys Chem B 106:5873–587710.1021/jp025642i ↗
45. Rappich J, Lewerenz H-J, Gerischer H (1993) The surface of Si (111) during etching in NaOH studied by FTIR spectroscopy in the ATR technique. J Electrochem Soc 140:L187–L18910.1149/1.2221161 ↗
46. Mawhinney DB, Glass JA, Yates JT (1997) FTIR study of the oxidation of porous silicon. J Phys Chem B 101:1202–120610.1021/jp963322r ↗
47. Bisi O, Ossicini S, Pavesi L (2000) Porous silicon: a quantum sponge structure for silicon based optoelectronics. Surf Sci Rep 38:1–126. doi: Porous silicon: a quantum sponge structure for silicon based optoelectronics10.1016/S0167-5729(99)00012-6 ↗
48. Gorbanyuk TI, Evtukh AA, Litovchenko VG et al (2006) Porous silicon microstructure and composition characterization depending on the formation conditions. Thin Solid Films 495:134–13810.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.188 ↗
49. Morgada ME, Levy IK, Salomone V et al (2009) Arsenic (V) removal with nanoparticulate zerovalent iron: effect of UV light and humic acids. Catal Today 143:261–26810.1016/j.cattod.2008.09.038 ↗
50. Van Veenendaal E, Sato K, Shikida M et al (2001) Micro-morphology of single crystalline silicon surfaces during anisotropic wet chemical etching in KOH: velocity source forests. Sensors Actuators A Phys 93:232–24210.1016/S0924-4247(01)00653-7 ↗
51. Zubel I, Kramkowska M (2004) Etch rates and morphology of silicon (h k l) surfaces etched in {KOH} and {KOH} saturated with isopropanol solutions. Sens Actuators A Phys 115:549–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2003.11.01010.1016/j.sna.2003.11.010 ↗
52. Ryu A, Jeong S-W, Jang A, Choi H (2011) Reduction of highly concentrated nitrate using nanoscale zero-valent iron: effects of aggregation and catalyst on reactivity. Appl Catal B Environ 105:128–13510.1016/j.apcatb.2011.04.002 ↗
53. Hwang Y-H, Kim D-G, Shin H-S (2011) Mechanism study of nitrate reduction by nano zero valent iron. J Hazard Mater 185:1513–152110.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.078 ↗
54. Ensie B, Samad S (2014) Removal of nitrate from drinking water using nano SiO 2–FeOOH–Fe core–shell. Desalination 347:1–910.1016/j.desal.2014.05.024 ↗
55. Sepehri S, Heidarpour M, Abedi-Koupai J (2014) Nitrate removal from aqueous solution using natural zeolite-supported zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Soil Water Res 9:224–23210.17221/11/2014-SWR ↗
56. Motamedi E, Atouei MT, Kassaee MZ (2014) Comparison of nitrate removal from water via graphene oxide coated Fe, Ni and Co nanoparticles. Mater Res Bull 54:34–4010.1016/j.materresbull.2014.02.019 ↗