Graphene Injected D-Shape Photonic Crystal Fiber for Nonlinear Optical Applications

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) may be considered an affiliate of a most ordinary class of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) with a repeated layout of different refractive index material. A D-shape PCF is introduced in this paper to achieve high nonlinearity (γ), low confinement loss (Lc), low scattering loss (αR), and high numerical aperture (NA) by selecting finite element method (FEM) for 100 nm – 700 nm wavelength and physics-controlled triangular extra fine mesh which size of elements is 5174 by comprehensive simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics. From the structure, an outstanding performance profile is created which contains high nonlinearity of 6.01 × 1013 W−1 Km−1, low scattering loss of 1.01 × 10−5 [dB m−1], low confinement loss of 1.39 × 10−11 [dB m−1], and high numerical aperture of 0.87 where the effective mode area of the core is 1.15 × 10−14 m2 at the functional wavelength of 150 nm. To exhibit this performance profile, in this simulation, silica is used as background material and graphene as core material. The performance profile is highly preferable for optical communication in biomedical imaging, and other nonlinear applications. Hence, D-shape photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) is a better alternative to other optical fibers for these applications.