The $ \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3}/\mathrm{SiO_2} $ ratio and dwelling time dependent crystallization behavior, phase formation, microstructural features, and thermal behavior of SrO-CaO-$ \mathrm{Al_2}\mathrm{O_3} $-ZnO-$ \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} $-$ \mathrm{SiO_2} $-$ \mathrm{TiO_2} $ glass system

In the present study, the SrO-CaO-ZnO- \mathrm{Al_2}\mathrm{O_3} \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} - \mathrm{SiO_2} - \mathrm{TiO_2} - based glass system is studied to investigate the effect of \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} / \mathrm{SiO_2} ratio and heat treatment dwell time on crystallization, phase development, and microstructural features in monolithic glass. The density of glasses increases with the increase in \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} / \mathrm{SiO_2} ratio as \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} has a higher molar mass than \mathrm{SiO_2} . The XRD patterns revealed that an increase in \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} / \mathrm{SiO_2} ratio facilitates the crystallization as evident in the case of glass of largest \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} / \mathrm{SiO_2} ratio (? 0.4) at 10 h dwelling at 850?C. However, at higher dwell time i.e. 20 and 30h, all glass specimens transformed to glass-ceramic, indicating a vital role of heat treatment time on crystallization. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that with the increase in the B2O3/SiO2 ratio, the anisotropic growth of crystals increases which is prominent for the glass having \mathrm{B_2}\mathrm{O_3} / \mathrm{SiO_2} ratio (? 0.4). In addition, the corresponding temperature for various thermal events like sintering, softening, half-sphere, and melting is evaluated as a function of temperature at varying heating rates with the help of a heating stage microscope. The increase in heating rate, enhance the temperature for sintering, softening, and melting due the delayed arrival of required thermal energy as recorded in the heating stage microscope system.