Formation of anorthite containing cordierite materials through reaction sintering kaolin, MgO and CaO precursors

The effect of CaO on cordierite formation from kaolin-MgO-CaO powder mixtures, milled for 5 h and reaction sintered for 2 h in the temperature range 900-1400?C, was investigated. Phases formed in the developed materials were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction method (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Non-isothermal differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) experiments were performed from room temperature to 1400?C, at heating rates from 20 to 40?C/min. Activation energies were determined using Kissinger method. It was found that sintering the stoichiometric kaolin-magnesia mixture led to the nucleation and growth of monolithic cordierite; while cordierite along with anorthite were present in the other two samples where 4 or 8 wt% of CaO was added. The increase in CaO decreased cordierite formation temperature and increased the activation energy, which ranged from 445 to 619 kJ/mol for ?-cordierite and from 604 to 1335 kJ/mol for ?-cordierite.