Hybrid CFD/FEM-BEM simulation of cabin aerodynamic noise for vehicles traveling at high speed
Source abstract
Abstract
Flow passing a vehicle may lead to the increase of the cabin interior noise level through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include vibrations caused by aerodynamic excitations and re-radiation from the glass panels, exterior noise transmitted and leaked through door seals including gaps and glass edge, and transmission of airborne noise generated by the interaction of flow with body panels. It is of vital importance to predict both the flow fields and the acoustic sources around the vehicle to accurately assess the impact of wind induced noise inside the cabin. In the present study, an unstructured segregated finite volume model was used to calculate the flow fields in which a hexahedron grid is used to simplify the vehicle geometry. A large eddy simulation coupled with a wall function model was applied to predict the exterior transient flow fields. The mean flow quantities were thus calculated along the symmetry plane and the vehicle’s side windows. A coupled FEM/BEM method was used to compute the vehicle’s interior noise level. The total contribution of the interior noise level due to the body panels of the vehicle was subsequently analyzed.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research · Wind and Air Flow Studies · Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. Peric C, Watkins S, Lindqvist E. Wind turbulence effects on aerodynamic noise with relevance to road vehicle interior noise. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 1997, 69-71: 423–42510.1016/S0167-6105(97)00174-8 ↗
2. Ono K, Himeno R, Fukushima T. Prediction of wind noise radiated from passenger cars and its evaluation based on auralization. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 1999, 81: 403–41910.1016/S0167-6105(99)00033-1 ↗
3. Her J, Lian M, Lee J. Experimental assessment of wind noise contributors to interior noise. SAE paper 971922
4. Watanabe M, Harita M. The effects of body shapes on wind noise. SAE paper 780266
5. Sadakata O, Kanamaru K, Kakamu T. A consideration of wind noise reduction by air flow control. SAE paper 885115
6. Haruna S, Nouzawa T, Kamimoto I. An experimental analysis and estimation of aerodynamic noise using a production vehicle. SAE paper 900316
7. Popat B. Study of flow and noise generation from car A-pillars. Dissertation for Doctoral Degree. London: Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, the University of London, U.K., 1991
8. Nienaltowska E. Separated flow on the car body: Spectral and spatial characteristics analyzed from the aeroacoustic viewpoint. Int J Vehicle Des, 1993, 14: 5–610.1504/IJVD.1993.061851 ↗
9. Dobrzynski W, Soja H. Effect on passenger car wind noise sources of different A-Post configurations. Inter-Noise, Yokohama, Japan, 1994
10. Hamel T, Ahuja K. Wind noise measurements on an automobile side glass with A-pillars of different height. AIAA-1996-87910.2514/6.1996-879 ↗
11. Alam F, Watkins S, Zimmer G. Mean and time-varying flow measurements on the surface of a family of idealized road vehicles. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 2003, 27: 639–65410.1016/S0894-1777(02)00278-9 ↗
12. Peng G C. SEA modeling of vehicle wind noise and load case representation. SAE paper 2007-01-230410.4271/2007-01-2304 ↗
13. Moron P, Powell R, Freed D, et al. A CFD/SEA approach for prediction of vehicle interior noise due to wind noise. SAE paper 2009-01-220310.4271/2009-01-2203 ↗
14. Lee J, Dejong R. Vehicle glass design optimization using a CFD/SEA model. SAE paper 2007-01-230610.4271/2007-01-2306 ↗
15. Yan H, Parret A, Nack W. Statistical energy analysis by finite elements for middle frequency vibration. Finite Ele Anal Des, 2007, 23: 297–403
16. Nishikawa K, Misaji K, Yamazaki T, et al. SEA model building of automotive vehicle body in white using experiment and FEM. SAE paper 2003-01-141110.4271/2003-01-1411 ↗
17. Hoshino H, Katoh H. Evaluation of wind noise in passenger car compartment in consideration of auditory masking and sound localization. SAE paper 1999-01-112510.4271/1999-01-1125 ↗
18. Dobrzynski W. Wind induced interior and far field radiated exterior noise from automobiles. In Vehicle Aerodynamics, Von Karman Inst. for Fluid Dynamics Lecture Series, 1986
19. Atalla N, Bernhard R J. Review of numerical solutions for low-frequency structural-acoustic problems. Appl Acoust, 1994, 43: 271–29410.1016/0003-682X(94)90050-7 ↗
20. Georgiev V B, Krylov V V. Finite element study of the effect of structural modifications on structure-borne vehicle interior noise. J Vib Control, 2009, 15: 483–49610.1177/1077546308094254 ↗
21. Kopuz S, Lalor N. Analysis of interior acoustic fields using the finite element method and the boundary element method. Appl Acoust, 1995, 45: 193–21010.1016/0003-682X(94)00045-W ↗
22. Mothanty A R, Barry D, Pierre S. Structure-borne noise reduction in a truck cab interior using numerical techniques. Appl Acoust, 2000, 59: 1–1710.1016/S0003-682X(99)00018-3 ↗
23. Liu Z, Lu C, Wang Y. Prediction of noise inside tracked vehicles. Appl Acoust, 2006, 67: 74–9110.1016/j.apacoust.2005.05.003 ↗
24. Batchlor G. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967
25. Smagorinsky J. General circulation experiments with the primitive equations I. The basic experiment. Mon Weather Rev, 1963, 91: 99–16410.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2 ↗
26. Hemida H, Krajnovic S. LES study of the influence of the nose shape and yaw angles on flow structures around trains. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod, 2010, 98: 34–4610.1016/j.jweia.2009.08.012 ↗
27. Piomelli U, Moin P, Ferziger J. Model consistency in large eddy simulation of turbulent channel flows. Phys Fluids, 1988, 31: 1884–189110.1063/1.866635 ↗
28. Menveau C, Katz J. Scale-invariance and turbulence models for large-eddy simulation. Annu Rev Fluid Mech, 2000, 32: 1–3210.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.1 ↗
29. Piomelli U, Cabot W H, Moin P. Subgrid-scale backscatter in turbulent and transitional flows. Phys Fluids, 1991, A3: 1766–177110.1063/1.857956 ↗
30. Krajnovic S, Davidson L. Flow around a simplified car, part1: Large-eddy simulation. J Fluids Eng, 2005, 127: 907–91810.1115/1.1989371 ↗
31. Krajnovic S, Davidson L. Flow around a simplified car, part2: Understanding the flow. J Fluids Eng, 2005, 127: 919–92810.1115/1.1989372 ↗
32. Kimand S, Mohan L. Prediction of unsteady loading on a circular cylinder in high Reynolds number flows using large eddy simulation. 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 2005
33. Armsfield S, Street R. The fractional-step method for the Navier-Stokes equations on staggered grids: Accuracy of three variations. J Comput Phys, 1999, 153: 660–66510.1006/jcph.1999.6275 ↗
34. Patankar S V. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Washington DC: Hemisphere Publishing Company, 1980
35. Breuer M. Numerical and modeling influences on large eddy simulations for the flow past a circular cylinder. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 1998, 19: 512–52110.1016/S0142-727X(98)10015-2 ↗
36. Catalano P, Wang M, Iaccarino G. Numerical simulation of the flow around a circular cylinder at high Reynolds numbers. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 1998, 24: 463–46910.1016/S0142-727X(03)00061-4 ↗
37. Temmerman L, Leschziner M, Mellen C. Investigation of wall-function approximation and subgrid-scale models in large eddy simulation of separated flow in a channel with streamwise periodic constrictions. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 2003, 24: 157–18010.1016/S0142-727X(02)00222-9 ↗
38. Wang Y P, Chen J, Lee H C, et al. Accurate simulations of surface pressure fluctuations and flow induced noise near a rigid body at low Mach numbers, the Seventh International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications (BBAA 7), Shanghai, 2012
39. Werner H, Wengle H. Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow over and around a cube in a plate channel. 8th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, 1991
40. Orlanski I. A simple boundary condition for unbounded flows. J Comput Phys, 1976, 21: 251–26910.1016/0021-9991(76)90023-1 ↗
41. Breuer M. A challenging test case for large-eddy simulation: High Reynolds number circular cylinder flow. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 2006, 21: 648–65410.1016/S0142-727X(00)00056-4 ↗
42. Yang Z, Khalighi B. CFD simulation for flow over pickup trucks. SAE 2005-01-054710.4271/2005-01-0547 ↗
43. Carr G W. Potential for aerodynamic drag reduction in car design. Impact of aerodynamics on vehicle design, SP3. International Association for Vehicle Design, London, 1986
44. Numerical Acoustics Theoretical Manual. LMS International
45. Lighthill M. On sound generated aerodynamically: I. General theory. Proc R Soc Lond, 1952, A211: 564–58710.1098/rspa.1952.0060 ↗
46. Curle N. The influence of solid boundaries upon aerodynamics sound. Proc R Soc Lond, 1955, A231: 504–514
47. George A. Automobile aerodynamic noise. SAE Paper 900315
48. He Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, et al. An experimental study of automobile interior aerodynamic noise (in Chinese). International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering, Wuhan, China, 2011