journal article·2026-03

Immersion coupled S-type cooling tube battery thermal management for electric vehicle integration under harsh conditions

Chenglin Dai, Chun Wang, Donghe Li, Huan Xi

Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Technologies Research · Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies · Phase Change Materials Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (42)

Show source-provided references
1. Liu H, Wei Z, He W, et al. Thermal issues about Li-ion batteries and recent progress in battery thermal management systems: A review. Energy Convers Manage, 2017, 150: 304–33010.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.016 ↗
2. Wang Q, Jiang B, Li B, et al. A critical review of thermal management models and solutions of lithium-ion batteries for the development of pure electric vehicles. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2016, 64: 106–12810.1016/j.rser.2016.05.033 ↗
3. Omar N, Monem M A, Firouz Y, et al. Lithium iron phosphate based battery—assessment of the aging parameters and development of cycle life model. Appl Energy, 2014, 113: 1575–158510.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.003 ↗
4. Mao B, Huang P, Chen H, et al. Self-heating reaction and thermal runaway criticality of the lithium ion battery. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2020, 149: 11917810.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119178 ↗
5. Olabi A G, Maghrabie H M, Adhari O H K, et al. Battery thermal management systems: Recent progress and challenges. Int J Thermofluids, 2022, 15: 10017110.1016/j.ijft.2022.100171 ↗
6. Du S, Lai Y, Ai L, et al. An investigation of irreversible heat generation in lithium ion batteries based on a thermo-electrochemical coupling method. Appl Therm Eng, 2017, 121: 501–51010.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.077 ↗
7. Chen Y, Kang Y, Zhao Y, et al. A review of lithium-ion battery safety concerns: The issues, strategies, and testing standards. J Energy Chem, 2021, 59: 83–9910.1016/j.jechem.2020.10.017 ↗
8. Lu L, Han X, Li J, et al. A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles. J Power Sources, 2013, 226: 272–28810.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.060 ↗
9. Chen K, Song M, Wei W, et al. Design of the structure of battery pack in parallel air-cooled battery thermal management system for cooling efficiency improvement. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2019, 132: 309–32110.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.024 ↗
10. Wang Y, Zhang G, Yang X. Optimization of liquid cooling technology for cylindrical power battery module. Appl Therm Eng, 2019, 162: 11420010.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114200 ↗
11. Panchal S, Gudlanarva K, Tran M K, et al. Numerical simulation of cooling plate using K-epsilon turbulence model to cool down large-sized Graphite/LiFePO4 battery at high C-rates. World Electr Veh J, 2022, 13: 13810.3390/wevj13080138 ↗
12. Bhattacharjee A, Mohanty R K, Ghosh A. Design of an optimized thermal management system for Li-ion batteries under different discharging conditions. Energies, 2020, 13: 569510.3390/en13215695 ↗
13. Luo J, Zou D, Wang Y, et al. Battery thermal management systems (BTMs) based on phase change material (PCM): A comprehensive review. Chem Eng J, 2022, 430: 13274110.1016/j.cej.2021.132741 ↗
14. Vakilzadeh A H, Sarvestani A B, Javaherdeh K, et al. Heat transfer and fluid flow in a PCM-filled enclosure: Effect of heated wall configuration. J Energy Storage, 2024, 87: 11144810.1016/j.est.2024.111448 ↗
15. Wu W, Wang S, Wu W, et al. A critical review of battery thermal performance and liquid based battery thermal management. Energy Convers Manage, 2019, 182: 262–28110.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.051 ↗
16. Chen K, Wu W, Yuan F, et al. Cooling efficiency improvement of air-cooled battery thermal management system through designing the flow pattern. Energy, 2019, 167: 781–79010.1016/j.energy.2018.11.011 ↗
17. Li Y, Du Y, Xu T, et al. Optimization of thermal management system for Li-ion batteries using phase change material. Appl Therm Eng, 2018, 131: 766–77810.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.055 ↗
18. Qin P, Liao M, Zhang D, et al. Experimental and numerical study on a novel hybrid battery thermal management system integrated forced-air convection and phase change material. Energy Convers Manage, 2019, 195: 1371–138110.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.084 ↗
19. Fan R, Wang C, Xi H. Propose and experimental validation of a lightweight and shock-proof liquid cooling battery thermal management system. J Energy Storage, 2023, 62: 10693310.1016/j.est.2023.106933 ↗
20. Zhao Y, Zhang T, Wang C, et al. Analysis and optimization of thermal management system for cylindrical power battery based on distributed liquid cooling plates. Sci China Tech Sci, 2024, 67: 3695–370610.1007/s11431-024-2770-1 ↗
21. Li M, Ma S, Jin H, et al. Performance analysis of liquid cooling battery thermal management system in different cooling cases. J Energy Storage, 2023, 72: 10865110.1016/j.est.2023.108651 ↗
22. Lin X W, Li Y B, Wu W T, et al. Advances on two-phase heat transfer for lithium-ion battery thermal management. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2024, 189: 11405210.1016/j.rser.2023.114052 ↗
23. Al-Zareer M, Dincer I, Rosen M A. Electrochemical modeling and performance evaluation of a new ammonia-based battery thermal management system for electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Electrochim Acta, 2017, 247: 171–18210.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.162 ↗
24. Liu J, Ma Q, Li X. Numerical study on heat dissipation performance of a lithium-ion battery module based on immersion cooling. J Energy Storage, 2023, 66: 10751110.1016/j.est.2023.107511 ↗
25. Tian J, Mei W, Tang J, et al. Numerical study on heat dissipation and structure optimization of immersed liquid cooling mode used in 280Ah LiFePO4 batteries. Process Saf Environ Protection, 2024, 185: 446–45710.1016/j.psep.2024.02.077 ↗
26. Hu H, Xu J, Li J, et al. Immersion coupled direct cooling with nonuniform cooling pipes for efficient lithium-ion battery thermal management. J Energy Storage, 2025, 116: 11601010.1016/j.est.2025.116010 ↗
27. Hwang F S, Confrey T, Reidy C, et al. Review of battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2024, 192: 11417110.1016/j.rser.2023.114171 ↗
28. Liu X, Zhou Z, Wu W T, et al. Numerical simulation for comparison of cold plate cooling and HFE-7000 immersion cooling in lithium-ion battery thermal management. J Energy Storage, 2024, 101: 11393810.1016/j.est.2024.113938 ↗
29. Dong F, Cheng Z, Zhu J, et al. Investigation and optimization on cooling performance of a novel double helix structure for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries. Appl Therm Eng, 2021, 189: 11675810.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116758 ↗
30. Kumma N, Kruthiventi S S H. Thermodynamic performance and flammability studies of hydrocarbon based low global warming potential refrigerant mixtures. J Therm Sci, 2022, 31: 1487–150210.1007/s11630-022-1642-5 ↗
31. Lai Y, Wu W, Chen K, et al. A compact and lightweight liquid-cooled thermal management solution for cylindrical lithium-ion power battery pack. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2019, 144: 11858110.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118581 ↗
32. Wu N, Chen Y, Lin B, et al. Thermal performance evaluation of boiling cooling system for the high-rate large-format lithium-ion battery under coolant starvations. J Energy Storage, 2022, 55: 10561610.1016/j.est.2022.105616 ↗
33. Zou Z, Xie J, Luo Y, et al. Numerical study on a novel thermal management system coupling immersion cooling with cooling tubes for power battery modules. J Energy Storage, 2024, 83: 11063410.1016/j.est.2024.110634 ↗
34. Bernardi D, Pawlikowski E, Newman J. A general energy balance for battery systems. J Electrochem Soc, 1985, 132: 5–1210.1149/1.2113792 ↗
35. Deng J, Bai Z J, Xiao Y, et al. Effects of imidazole ionic liquid on macroparameters and microstructure of bituminous coal during low-temperature oxidation. Fuel, 2019, 246: 160–16810.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.066 ↗
36. Xie J, Wang Y, He S, et al. A simple cooling structure with precisely-tailored liquid cooling plate for thermal management of large battery module. Appl Therm Eng, 2022, 212: 11857510.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118575 ↗
37. Rao Z, Qian Z, Kuang Y, et al. Thermal performance of liquid cooling based thermal management system for cylindrical lithium-ion battery module with variable contact surface. Appl Therm Eng, 2017, 123: 1514–152210.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.059 ↗
38. Panchal S, Khasow R, Dincer I, et al. Numerical modeling and experimental investigation of a prismatic battery subjected to water cooling. Numer Heat Transfer Part A-Appl, 2017, 71: 626–63710.1080/10407782.2016.1277938 ↗
39. Wang Z, Zhao R, Wang S, et al. Heat transfer characteristics and influencing factors of immersion coupled direct cooling for battery thermal management. J Energy Storage, 2023, 62: 10682110.1016/j.est.2023.106821 ↗
40. Qi H, Fang D, Meng X, et al. Liquid density of HFE-7000 and HFE-7100 from T= (283 to 363) K at pressures up to 100 MPa. J Chem ThermoDyn, 2014, 77: 131–13610.1016/j.jct.2014.05.017 ↗
41. Zheng Y, Gao H, Chen Q, et al. Isobaric heat capacity measurements of liquid HFE-7200 and HFE-7500 from 245 to 353 K at pressures up to 15 MPa. Fluid Phase Equilib, 2014, 372: 56–6210.1016/j.fluid.2014.03.017 ↗
42. Zhang Z, Luo Q, Su W, et al. Design and analysis of a module-level prismatic battery thermal management system based on immersion cooling. J Energy Storage, 2025, 130: 11745910.1016/j.est.2025.117459 ↗