Coating behaviour and nugget formation during resistance welding of hot forming steels
Source abstract
Abstract
In this work, the effects of the coating composition and the welding parameters on the heat generation and nugget formation during resistance spot welding of the hot press forming steels have been evaluated. Two types of coated steels were used, termed as Al–Si and Zn coating. Al–Si coated steel showed rapid nugget growth toward the electrode direction, which is the probable reason of the higher heat conduction from the electrode–sheet surface toward the bulk material. In Zn coated steel, heat was generated and localised at the faying interface and uniformly propagated to the steel substrate. High speed camera images showed that the presence of oxide at faying interface provides inhomogeneous current flow and violent heat generation in the Zn coated steel.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 995 Eomgwangno, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Korea
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ont N2L 3G1, Canada
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA
References (36)
Show source-provided references
1. Naganathan A.: ‘Hot stamping of manganese boron steel (technology review and preliminary finite element simulations)’. Master's thesis Ohio State University Columbus OH USA 2010..
2. Hein P. and Wilsius J.: ‘Status and innovation trends in hot stamping of USIBOR 1500P’. Steel Res. Int. 2008 79 85–91..10.1002/srin.200806321 ↗
3. Altan T.: ‘Hot-stamping boron-alloyed steels for automotive parts. Part II: microstructure, material strength changes during hot stamping’, Stamp. J., 2007, 19, 14–15.
4. 10.1002/srin.20110029210.1002/srin.201100292 ↗
5. Faderl J. and Radlmayr K.: ‘Ultraform und ultraform PHS-innovation made by Voestaplina’. Proc. 1st Erlangener Workshop Warmblechumformung Erlangen Germany November 2007 130–149..
6. 10.1063/1.355254310.1063/1.3552543 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.07.01910.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.07.019 ↗
8. Fan D. W., , Kim H. S., and De Cooman B. C.: ‘A review of the physical metallurgy related to the hot press forming of advanced high strength steel’, Steel Res. Int., 2009, 80, 241–248.
9. Suehiro M., , Maki J., , Kusumi K., , Ohgami M., and Miyakoshi T.: ‘Properties of aluminum coated steels for hot-forming’, Nippon Steel Tech. Rep., 2003, 88, 15–20.
10. Reich M., , Osten J., , Milkereit B., , Kalich J., , Füssel U., and Kessler O.: ‘Short-time heat treatment of press hardened steel for laser assisted clinching’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2014, 30, 1287–1296.
11. 10.1007/s00501-012-0061-410.1007/s00501-012-0061-4 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.46110.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.461 ↗
13. 10.2320/matertrans.M201100510.2320/matertrans.M2011005 ↗
14. 10.1007/s12206-011-0408-x10.1007/s12206-011-0408-x ↗
15. Oldenburg M. Steinhoff K. and Prakash B.: ‘Hot sheet metal forming of high-performance steel’ CHS2: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on ‘Hot sheet metal forming of high performance steel’ 2009 Luleå Sweden. Auerbach Verlag Wissenschaftliche Scripten June 15-17 2009 358.
16. ‘Resistance welding – weldability. Part 2: alternative procedures for the assessment of sheet steels for spot welding’. ISO 18278-2 ISO Geneva Switzerland 2004..
17. ‘Resistance welding – spot welding electrode caps’. ISO 5821-2009 ISO Geneva Switzerland 2009..
18. Alfaro S., , Vargas J., , Wolff M., and Vilarinho L.: ‘Comparison between AC and MF-DC resistance spot welding by using high speed filming’, J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng., June 15-17 2007, 24, 333–339.
19. Cho Y., and Rhee S.: ‘Experimental study of nugget formation in resistance spot welding’, Weld. J., 2003, 82, 195–201.
20. Scotchmer N.: ‘Widening the welding lobe of advanced high strength steels in the resistance spot welding process’ 2007 Huys Industries Limited Research project report.
21. Oikawa H., , Murayama G., , Sakiyama T., , Takahashi Y., and Ishikawa T.: ‘Resistance spot weldability of high strength steel (HSS) sheets for automobiles’, Nippon Steel Tech. Rep., 2007, 39, 39–45.
22. 10.1002/srin.20110032410.1002/srin.201100324 ↗
23. Tumuluru M.: ‘The effect of coatings on the resistance spot welding behavior of 780 MPa dual-phase steel’, Weld. J., 2007, 86, 161-s–169-s.
24. Fisun M., and Keskinel T.: ‘Effect of coating thickness on electrode life in the spot welding of galvanized steels’, Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci., 2007, 31, 183–187.
25. Chang H. S., and Kwon H. C.: ‘In-process monitoring of micro resistance spot weld quality using accelerometer’, J. KWJS, 2011, 29, 115–122.
26. Briand F. Dubet O. and Chovet C.: ‘Process for laser-ARC hybrid welding aluminized metal workpieces’. US patent no. 20110226746 A1 2011..
27. 10.1007/s12206-014-1043-010.1007/s12206-014-1043-0 ↗
28. V. Uthaisangsuk: ‘Hot stamping of ultra high strength steel: A key technology for lightweight automotive design’ Presentation at Automotive Summit 2014 2014 Bangkok Thailand.
29. Fukumoto S., , Lum I., , Biro E., , Boomer D., and Zhou Y.: ‘Effects of electrode degradation on electrode life in resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy 5182’, Weld. J., 2003, 82, 307-s–312-s.
30. 10.2320/matertrans.MRA200803110.2320/matertrans.MRA2008031 ↗
31. 10.1179/1362171813Y.000000012010.1179/1362171813Y.0000000120 ↗
32. 10.1179/1362171814Y.000000021110.1179/1362171814Y.0000000211 ↗
33. 10.1179/1362171812Y.000000000610.1179/1362171812Y.0000000006 ↗
34. 10.1007/s11661-011-0739-310.1007/s11661-011-0739-3 ↗
35. Koganti R. Elliott A. and Maatz D. F.: ‘Resistance spot welding (RSW) evaluation of 1.0 mm Usibor® 1500 P to 2.0 mm Usibor® 1500 P steel for automotive body structure applications’. Proc. Int. Mechanical Engineering Cong. and Exposition Vancouver BC Canada November 2010 ASME 639–645.10.1115/IMECE2010-40900 ↗
36. 10.1007/s10853-009-4141-010.1007/s10853-009-4141-0 ↗