Predicting steady state dilution in multipass hardfacing overlays - geometric approach

A geometric model of steady state dilution in multipass hardfacing overlays deposited via self shielded flux cored arc welding is presented. In this model the steady state bead profile in cross-section and the shape of the fusion line are represented by parabolic functions. Without requiring empirical corrections, the model accurately predicts the steady state dilutions of eight high chromium white iron overlays that were each deposited on steel substrates under different welding conditions. Estimates for the surface smoothness of the overlay, or the peak to valley ripple, are also obtained from the model. Thus, the model provides the necessary information to predict the steady state composition and geometry of a multipass hardfacing overlay. Reference can then be made to studies relating composition and geometry to abrasive wear resistance in order to complete the link between the welding parameters used to deposit the overlay and its subsequent wear performance.