Optimisation of precipitation hardening for 15-5 PH martensitic stainless steel produced by wire arc directed energy deposition
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper discusses directed energy deposition of 15-5 PH, which was successfully tailored with precipitation hardening (PH) to achieve the desired properties. Parametric analysis of solution annealing and aging at various time and temperature combinations was performed. Material characterisation was done in the as-deposited, solution annealed, and PH states. Investigations included microscopy, SEM/EDS, fractography, hardness, tensile, and impact toughness test. The as-deposited microstructure was composed of martensite laths along with delta ferrite. Optimisation of solution annealing was mandatory to achieve homogeneous austenite, which allowed PH. PH resulted in similar properties compared to conventionally produced steel. Peak aging resulted in 450 HV10 and an Rm of 1350 MPa, while the over-aged condition resulted in an impact toughness of over 77 J/cm 2 .
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Laboratory for Welding, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Department of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Welding Laboratory, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
Laboratory for Manufacturing, Cybernetics and Experimentation, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Funding
Slovenian Research Agency · CELSA · Daihen Corporation
References (36)
Show source-provided references
1. Shrinivas R · Mater Today Proc · 2021 · 54 · 2
2. 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.03410.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.034 ↗
3. Dickens PM · Solid Freeform Fabrication Proc · 1992 · 280
4. 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.03010.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.030 ↗
5. Martina F · Addit Manuf · 2019 · 25 · 545
6. 10.1016/j.procir.2017.12.09510.1016/j.procir.2017.12.095 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.msea.2019.13863310.1016/j.msea.2019.138633 ↗
8. 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.229301810.1109/ACCESS.2013.2293018 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.10549510.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105495 ↗
10. Belotti LP · J Mater Process Technol · 2022 · 299 · 1
11. 10.1080/13621718.2016.125903110.1080/13621718.2016.1259031 ↗
12. 10.1080/13621718.2021.199685010.1080/13621718.2021.1996850 ↗
13. 10.1016/j.triboint.2020.10619610.1016/j.triboint.2020.106196 ↗
14. 10.1179/13621719910153790510.1179/136217199101537905 ↗
15. 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.03.01410.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.03.014 ↗
16. Hsu KC, Lin CK. High-temperature fatigue crack growth behavior of 17-4 PH stainless steels. 11th International Conference on Fracture 2005, ICF11. 2005;4:2581–2586.
17. 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.02610.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.026 ↗
18. 10.1016/j.msea.2019.04.00310.1016/j.msea.2019.04.003 ↗
19. 10.1007/s11837-016-2237-y10.1007/s11837-016-2237-y ↗
20. 10.1088/2053-1591/ab4dd410.1088/2053-1591/ab4dd4 ↗
21. 10.5937/ZasMat1503261S10.5937/ZasMat1503261S ↗
22. 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.11097410.1016/j.matdes.2022.110974 ↗
23. 10.1080/10667857.2020.180029610.1080/10667857.2020.1800296 ↗
24. 10.1016/j.matchar.2017.12.00210.1016/j.matchar.2017.12.002 ↗
25. Voestalpine. The future of productivity: wire Arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) [Internet]. Kapfenberg: Voestalpine Böhler Erdstahl GmbH & Co KG; 2018; Available from: https://www.voestalpine.com/welding/mx.
26. 10.1007/s00170-020-05958-810.1007/s00170-020-05958-8 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.15293310.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152933 ↗
28. 10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.12.00810.1016/j.jmrt.2018.12.008 ↗
29. 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.09.00610.1016/j.jmrt.2022.09.006 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.msea.2019.13836010.1016/j.msea.2019.138360 ↗
31. 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00062-X10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00062-X ↗
32. 10.1016/S1006-706X(15)30047-910.1016/S1006-706X(15)30047-9 ↗
33. 10.1016/0025-5416(88)90420-X10.1016/0025-5416(88)90420-X ↗
34. 10.1179/mst.1989.5.4.34610.1179/mst.1989.5.4.346 ↗
35. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.710.48310.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.710.483 ↗
36. 10.1038/s43246-021-00149-810.1038/s43246-021-00149-8 ↗