Phosphorus transfer behaviours and microstructural responses in EH36 shipbuilding steel subjected to CaF 2 –Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 welding fluxes
Source abstract
Abstract
Phosphorus transfer behaviours have been elucidated by employing designed CaF 2 –Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 fluxes, and influences upon microstructural and mechanical responses have been documented in EH36 shipbuilding steel subjected to submerged arc welding. As the equivalent P 2 O 5 content in the flux grows from 0 to 0.664 wt-%, corresponding P and O contents in the weld metals increase from 0.013 to 0.076 wt-% and from 0.012 to 0.020 wt-%, respectively. Additionally, the amount of inclusions is significantly enhanced, with number density being boosted from 1.73 × 10 3 to 5.15 × 10 3 mm –2 . A closer examination reveals that the microstructures of the weld metal are primarily composed of bainite. Consequently, a reduction in Charpy impact energy is observed, characterised by a distinct brittle fracture mode across all weld metals.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral (Ministry of Education), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China · Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities · Major Project of Liaoning Province Innovation Consortium
References (52)
Show source-provided references
1. Wang C, Zhang J. Fine-tuning weld metal compositions via flux optimization in submerged arc welding: an overview. Acta Metall Sin 2021; 57: 1126–1140.
2. 10.1007/s11663-022-02607-110.1007/s11663-022-02607-1 ↗
3. Yuan H, Zhang Y, Wang C. Influence of MnO upon electrical conductive mechanisms of submerged arc welding fluxes: insights from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Acta Metall Sin 2025. doi:https://doi.org/10.11900/10412.11961.12025.00065
4. 10.1007/s11663-016-0639-410.1007/s11663-016-0639-4 ↗
5. 10.1007/s11837-014-1108-710.1007/s11837-014-1108-7 ↗
6. 10.2320/matertrans.M-M201581310.2320/matertrans.M-M2015813 ↗
7. 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-01910.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-019 ↗
8. Dallam C, Liu S, Olson D. Flux composition dependence of microstructure and toughness of submerged arc HSLA weldments. Weld J 1985; 64: 140–151.
9. 10.1179/mst.1987.3.12.105110.1179/mst.1987.3.12.1051 ↗
10. 10.1007/s11663-023-02781-w10.1007/s11663-023-02781-w ↗
11. 10.1007/s42243-023-01017-010.1007/s42243-023-01017-0 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.10602210.1016/j.mineng.2019.106022 ↗
13. 10.1007/BF0267971510.1007/BF02679715 ↗
14. 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.02.04610.1016/j.jmrt.2021.02.046 ↗
15. 10.1007/s42243-022-00814-310.1007/s42243-022-00814-3 ↗
16. 10.1007/s11663-023-02935-w10.1007/s11663-023-02935-w ↗
17. 10.1007/s11663-024-03076-410.1007/s11663-024-03076-4 ↗
18. 10.1007/s42243-023-01162-610.1007/s42243-023-01162-6 ↗
19. 10.1007/s11663-024-03152-910.1007/s11663-024-03152-9 ↗
20. 10.1007/s11661-024-07336-510.1007/s11661-024-07336-5 ↗
21. 10.1007/s11663-024-03125-y10.1007/s11663-024-03125-y ↗
22. 10.1007/s11661-024-07495-510.1007/s11661-024-07495-5 ↗
23. 10.1007/s11663-022-02697-x10.1007/s11663-022-02697-x ↗
24. 10.1007/s11663-022-02455-z10.1007/s11663-022-02455-z ↗
25. 10.1080/13621718.2022.209558910.1080/13621718.2022.2095589 ↗
26. 10.1007/s11661-024-07651-x10.1007/s11661-024-07651-x ↗
27. Chai CS, Eagar TW. Slag metal reactions in binary CaF2–metal oxide welding fluxes. Weld J 1982; 61: 229–232.
28. 10.1007/s11663-024-03309-610.1007/s11663-024-03309-6 ↗
29. 10.1007/s11663-025-03448-410.1007/s11663-025-03448-4 ↗
30. 10.1007/s42243-022-00908-y10.1007/s42243-022-00908-y ↗
31. 10.29391/2025.104.00910.29391/2025.104.009 ↗
32. 10.1007/s11663-024-03383-w10.1007/s11663-024-03383-w ↗
33. Yuan H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, et al. Structural role of CaF2 upon welding flux viscosity. Weld J 2025; 104: 164–174.
34. 10.1146/annurev.ms.16.080186.00213310.1146/annurev.ms.16.080186.002133 ↗
35. Xie X, Wan Y, Zhong M, et al. Optimizing microstructures and properties of electro-gas welded metals for EH36 shipbuilding steel treated by CaF2–TiO2 fluxes. Acta Metall Sin 2025. doi:https://doi.org/10.11900/10412.11961.12025.00028
36. 10.2355/isijinternational.40.96410.2355/isijinternational.40.964 ↗
37. 10.2355/isijinternational.53.182810.2355/isijinternational.53.1828 ↗
38. Schenck H. Introduction to the physical chemistry of steelmaking. London: UK, 1945.
39. Hino M, Ito K. Thermodynamic data for steelmaking. Sendai: Japan, 2010.
40. 10.1007/BF0267252910.1007/BF02672529 ↗
41. 10.1007/s11661-022-06683-510.1007/s11661-022-06683-5 ↗
42. 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.11365810.1016/j.matchar.2024.113658 ↗
43. 10.1016/j.micron.2012.11.00410.1016/j.micron.2012.11.004 ↗
44. 10.2355/isijinternational.49.106310.2355/isijinternational.49.1063 ↗
45. 10.1007/s11663-017-1133-310.1007/s11663-017-1133-3 ↗
46. 10.1007/s11661-019-05604-310.1007/s11661-019-05604-3 ↗
47. 10.1007/BF0302602910.1007/BF03026029 ↗
48. 10.1007/s11665-023-08168-x10.1007/s11665-023-08168-x ↗
49. 10.2355/isijinternational.40.126010.2355/isijinternational.40.1260 ↗
50. Loder D, Michelic SK, Bernhard C. Acicular ferrite formation and its influencing factors – a review. J Mater Sci Res 2017; 6: 24–43.
51. 10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.00210.1016/j.msea.2011.08.002 ↗
52. 10.1179/03063458179042687710.1179/030634581790426877 ↗