journal article·2025-05

“Predicting Failure in Carbon/Epoxy Specimens with Nol Ring Test and Acoustic EMISSION Analysis”

D. S. Manoj Abraham, R. Joselin, D. F. Jingle Jabha

Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract The rapid growth of filament winding techniques for fabricating plastic composite structures has not been matched by advancements in testing and evaluation methods. The Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) ring test has emerged as a valuable technique for assessing filament wound composites, proving useful for material comparison in research and development, as well as quality control. Internal pressure is applied to ring-shaped specimens in a manner similar to burst testing used for pressure vessels. This method allows direct observation of fracture behavior within FRP layers, which is not possible with actual pressure vessels. This paper standardizes ring fabrication and testing methods for determining ring tensile strength and demonstrates the benefits of ring burst tests. Fracture analysis of carbon/epoxy NOL rings, under both defect-free and adverse conditions, was conducted using acoustic emission (AE) measurements to understand strength degradation. A mathematical method was also created to predict the failure load of carbon/epoxy NOL rings with a reasonable margin of error. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this method make it a practical alternative to burst tests of pressure vessels.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Concrete Corrosion and Durability · Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Smart Materials for Construction

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (25)

Show source-provided references
1. ASTM D 2290-04. Standard test method for apparent hoop tensile strength of plastic or reinforced plastic pipe by split disk method, 2019.
2. Fujishima, O., Wakayama, S., and Kawahara, M., AE Characterization of the Fracture Behavior during Ring Burst Test of FW-FRP Pressure Vessel, in Progress in Acoustic Emission VII, Kishi, T., Ed., Tokyo: Jpn. Soc. Nondestr. Insp., 1994, pp. 463–468.
3. Horide, A., Wakayama, S., and Kawahara, M., Acoustic emission characteristic during ring burst test of FW-FRP multi-ply composite, in Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VIII, Green, R.T., Jr., Ed., New York: Plenum, 1996, pp. 641–646.
4. Horide, A., Wakayama, S., and Kawahara, M., Evaluation of strength in FW-FRP composites using ring burst test (Effects of winding tension on fracture behavior and strength), Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng. (A), 1999, vol. 65, no. 631.10.1299/kikaia.65.635 ↗
5. Lambert, M.D., Clark, E.A., and Fronk, T.H., Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Fiber-Reinforced Laminates in Cryogenic Conditions, Logan: Utah State Univ., 2008.
6. Rozental-Evesque, M., Rabaud, B., Sanchez, M., Louis, S., and Bruzek, C.-E., The NOL Ring test an improved tool for characterising the mechanical degradation of non-failed polyethylene pipe house connections, Suez-Environnement Cirsee, France, 2008.
7. Sanchez, M., Louis, S., Bruzek, C.E., Rozental-Evesque, M., Rabaud, B., and Glucina, K., Development of a 'NOL ring' test to study polyethylene pipe degradation, Plastic Pipes Congr. (Budapest, 2008).
8. Yu, Y., Zeng, W., Li, M., Sui, G., Yang, X., and Guo, X., Relationship between the moisture absorption and properties of carbon fibre filament-wound NOL rings, J. Acta Mater. Compos. Sin., 2009, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 72–78.
9. Joselin, R., Chelladurai, T., Usha, K.M., and Vasudev, E.S., Failure prediction of glass/epoxy specimens using NOL ring test and acoustic emission technique, Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol., 2015, vol. 50, no. 2.10.1504/IJMPT.2015.067832 ↗
10. Jingle Jabha, D.F., Selvi, K., and Joselin, R., A new Approach for the failure prediction in XLPE power cables using acoustic emission technique, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2016, vol. 81, pp. 336–345.10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.02.019 ↗
11. Ghasemi, A.R. and Moradi, M., Failure analysis of the NOL-ring polymer matrix composites under thermal cycling, Polymer Compos., 2018, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 3140–3146.10.1002/pc.24320 ↗
12. Ondar, A., First failure pressure of composite pressure vessels, M.S. Thesis, Izmir: Dokuz Eylul Univ., 2007.
13. Balagurusamy, E., Reliability Engineering, New York: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.
14. Lung, B.C., A structural health monitoring system for composite pressure vessels, M.S. Thesis, Saskatoon: Univ. Saskatchewan, 2005.
15. Chang, D.J., Katzman, H.A., Nokes, J.P., Adams, P.M., Amimoto, S.T., Valenzuela, P.R., Albright, T.V., Joseph, P.L., Pollock, P.B., Coulter, B.A., and Ratner, J.K., Burst testing of filament wound graphite epoxy cylindrical tubes, Aerosp. Corp., report no. TR. 2001(1413)-3, 2002.
16. Hwang, T.K., Hong, C.S., and Kim, C.G., Size effect on the fibre strength of composite pressure vessels, Compos. Struct., 2003, vol. 59, pp. 489–498.10.1016/S0263-8223(02)00250-7 ↗
17. Johansen, D., Sornette, Critical ruptures, Eur. Phys. J. B, 2000, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 163–181.10.1007/s100510070089 ↗
18. Nichols, C.T., Waller, J.M., and Saulsberry, R.L., Acoustic emission lifetime estimation for carbon fibre/epoxy composite overwrapped pressure vessels, USRP Final Report, NASA-JSC Whites Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, NM, 2010.
19. Veerarajan, T., Probability, Statistics and Random Processes, New York: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.
20. Jiang, P., Li, H., Yan, X., Zhang, L., and Li, W., Identification of NOL-Ring composite materials damage mechanism based on the STOA-VMD algorithm, Polymers, 2023, vol. 15, no. 12, p. 2647.10.3390/polym15122647 ↗
21. Huang, Z., Shen, W., Chen, L., and Zhu, L., Mathematical study of the mechanical properties of NOL rings with different winding process parameters, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2024, vol. 249, p. 110502.10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110502 ↗
22. SaiSri Charan, V., Vishnu Vardhan, A., Sai Raj, Rama Rao, G., Rao, G.V., and Hussaini, S.M., Experimental characterization of CFRP by NOL ring test, Mater. Today Proc., 2019, vol. 18, pt. 7, pp. 2868–2874.10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.154 ↗
23. Kou, G., Yang, Z., He, K., Zhang, W., Zhang, S., Liu, M., and Zhang, Y., Evaluation for tensile failure process of NOL rings based on infrared thermography, Infrared Phys. Technol., 2025, vol. 144, p. 105628.10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105628 ↗
24. Ghasemi, A.R., Tabatabaeian, A., and Moradi, M., A new insight into impact of thermal cycling on the un-notched and circular hole polymeric composite rings via naval ordnance laboratory-ring test, J. Compos. Mater., 2020, vol. 54, no. 23, pp. 3287–3295.10.1177/0021998320912836 ↗
25. Zhao, Y., Druzhinin, P., Ivens, J., Vandepitte, D., and Lomov, S.V., Split-disk test with 3D Digital Image Correlation strain measurement for filament wound composites, Compos. Struct., 2021, vol. 263, p. 113686.10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113686 ↗