Characteristics of hydroxyapatite coated titanium porous coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4V substrates by plasma sprayed method

Abstract A porous metal coating applied to solid substrate implants has been shown, in vivo, to anchor implants by bone ingrowth. Calcium phosphate ceramics, in particular hydroxyapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, HA], are bioactive ceramics, which are known to be biocompatible and osteoconductive, and these ceramics deposited on to porous‐coated devices may enhance bone ingrowth and implant fixation. In this study, bi‐feedstock of the titanium powder and composite (Na₂CO₃/HA) powder were simultaneously deposited on a Ti‐6Al‐4V substrate by a plasma sprayed method. At high temperature of plasma torch, the solid state of Na₂CO₃ would decompose to release CO₂ gas and then eject the molten Ti powder to induce the interconnected pores in the coatings. After cleaning and soaking in deionized water, the residual Na₂CO₃ in the coating would dissolve to form the open pores, and the HA would exist at the surface of pores in the inner coatings. By varying the particle size of the composite powder, the porosity of porous coating could be varied from 25.0 to 34.0%, and the average pore size of the porous coating could be varied to range between 158.5 and 202.0 μm. Using a standard adhesive test (ASTM C‐633), the bonding strength of the coating is between 27.3 and 38.2 MPa. By SEM, the HA was observed at the surface of inner pore in the porous coating. These results suggest that the method exhibits the potential to manufacture the bioactive ceramics on to porous‐coated specimen to achieve bone ingrowth fixation for biomedical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007