Electrical Stimulation Combined With Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration

ABSTRACT Bone tissue exhibits inherent bioelectrical properties, and electrical stimulation (ES) has been demonstrated to effectively accelerate bone healing. However, insufficient attention has been devoted to investigating biocomposite materials that synergize with electrostimulation for bone defect repair. In this study, a composite of strontium‐doped hydroxyapatite and chitosan (Sr‐HA@CS) was synthesized and demonstrated to promote bone regeneration. Under combined ES, the Sr‐HA@CS hydrogel not only exhibited excellent injectability, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity, but also significantly upregulated osteogenesis‐related genes and accelerated the osteogenic process, as revealed by RNA sequencing analysis. This synergistic effect further promoted intracellular calcium enrichment and enhanced bone regeneration in vivo. Therefore, the development of the Sr‐HA@CS composite combined with ES therapy holds promise for accelerating bone repair and represents an important area of research.