Hyaluronan size alters chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on tricalcium phosphate‐collagen‐hyaluronan scaffolds

Abstract Hyaluronan (HA) provides a favorable environment for chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). A previous report from our group indicated that addition of HA increases the chondro‐inductive capacity of scaffolds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the Mw of the HA could affect chondrogenesis of BMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds. Human BMSCs (hBMSCs) and rabbit BMSCs (rBMSCs) were isolated and expanded. TCP‐COL scaffolds and TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with two different HA Mws were assessed for their capacity to induce cartilage regeneration from hBMSCs in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that about 96.96% of hBMSCs expressed CD44. Moreover,Hyal‐1and chondrogenic marker genes expressions were increased in hMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds, and blocking the HA‐CD44 interaction with an anti‐CD44 antibody reduced the expression levels ofHyal‐1and chondrogenic marker genes. Additionally, TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed greater induction of BMSC chondrogenesis induction compared with those with 80 kDa Mw. Similar results were observed in an ectopic implantation nude mouse model. In a rabbit osteochondral defect repair model, rBMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed greater cartilage regeneration than those seeded with 80 kDa Mw. In addition, hBMSC‐seeded TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed a significantly higher mechanical strength than those with 80 kDa Mw. Collectively, these results indicate that the Mw of HA could affect chondrogenesis of BMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds. The TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds might be used as allogenic off the shelf products in cartilage tissue engineering in future.