Effect of bioactive Biosilicate^®/F18 glass scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells

Abstract This study evaluated the gene expression profile of the human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) grown on the Biosilicate^®/F18 glass (BioS‐2P/F18) scaffolds. hASCs were cultured using the osteogenic medium (control), the scaffolds, and their ionic extract. We observed that ALP activity was higher in hASCs grown on the BioS‐2P/F18 scaffolds than in hASCs cultured with the ionic extract or the osteogenic medium on day 14. Moreover, the dissolution product group and the control exhibited deposited calcium, which peaked on day 21. Gene expression profiles of cell cultured using the BioS‐2P/F18 scaffolds and their extract were evaluated in vitro using the RT² Profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microarray on day 21. Mineralizing tissue‐associated proteins, differentiation factors, and extracellular matrix enzyme expressions were measured using quantitative PCR. The gene expression of different proteins involved in osteoblast differentiation was significantly up‐regulated in hASCs grown on the scaffolds, especially BMP1, BMP2, SPP1, BMPR1B, ITGA1, ITGA2, ITGB1, SMAD1, and SMAD2, showing that both the composition and topographic features of the biomaterial could stimulate osteogenesis. This study demonstrated that gene expression of hASCs grown on the scaffold surface showed significantly increased gene expression related to hASCs cultured with the ionic extract or the osteogenic medium, evidencing that the BioS‐2P/F18 scaffolds have a substantial effect on cellular behavior of hASCs.