Osteoconductive and degradable electrospun nonwoven poly(ε‐caprolactone)/CaO‐SiO₂ gel composite fabric

Abstract A nonwoven ceramic/polymer composite fabric composed of randomly mixed bioactive and fast degradable CaO‐SiO₂ gel fibers and biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers is prepared with a simultaneous electrospinning method for potential use as bone grafting materials. A 17% PCL solution is prepared using 1,1,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol as the solvent, whereas the CaO‐SiO₂ gel solution is prepared via a condensation reaction following the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate. PCL and CaO‐SiO₂ gel solutions are spun simultaneously with two separate nozzles. As controls, pure PCL and CaO‐SiO₂ gel nonwoven fabrics are also made by the same methods. The three nonwoven fabrics were exposed to simulated body fluid for 1 week and resulted in the deposition of a layer of apatite crystals on the surfaces of both the CaO‐SiO₂ gel and PCL/CaO‐SiO₂ gel composite fabrics, but not on the PCL fabric. A tensile strength test showed that the fracture behavior of the CaO‐SiO₂ gel fabric was brittle, that of the PCL fabric was ductile‐tough, and that of the PCL/CaO‐SiO₂ gel composite fabric was intermediate between that of the CaO‐SiO₂ gel and PCL fabrics. Our in vivo tests showed that the CaO‐SiO₂ gel and PCL/CaO‐SiO₂ gel composite fabrics had good osteoconductivity and fast degradation rates in calvarial defects of New Zealand white rabbits within 4 weeks, in contrast to the pure PCL fabric. Together, these results suggest that the composite fabric composed of PCL and CaO‐SiO₂ gel fibers must have a great potential for use in applications such as bone grafting because of its good osteoconductivity and adequate mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010