Effect of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium‐phosphate coating on osseointegration of plasma‐sprayed titanium alloy implants

Abstract This study determined the effects of a plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) coating on osseointegration of plasma‐sprayed titanium alloy implants in a lapine, distal femoral intramedullary model. The effects of the HA/TCP coating were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after implant placement. The HA/TCP coating significantly increased new bone apposition onto the implant surfaces at all time points. The ceramic coating also stimulated intramedullary bone formation at the middle and distal levels of the implants. Fluorescent bone labeling indicated that new bone formation occurred primarily during the first 3 months after implantation, with comparatively little activity detected in the latter stages of the study. There was no associated increase in pullout strength at either 3 or 6 months; however, post‐pullout evaluation of the implants indicated that the HA/TCP coating itself was not the primary site of construct failure. Rather, failure was most commonly observed through the periprosthetic osseous struts that bridged the medullary cavity. The demonstrated osteoconductive activity of HA/TCP coating on plasma‐sprayed titanium alloy implant surfaces may have considerable clinical relevance to early host–implant interactions, by accelerating the establishment of a stable prosthesis–bone interface. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 1–10, 2004