Evaluation of interface pressure distribution on hybrid support surface prototypes to prevent pressure ulcers

Purpose Pressure ulcers can significantly impact the life quality of patients, leading to substantial treatment costs. Despite advancements in pressure ulcer prevention devices, there is still a significant need for more affordable and effective options. This study aims to create an affordable and effective support surface that is easily accessible for patients. Methodology Six prototypes of hybrid double-layer support surfaces were designed and produced as part of this effort. The interface pressure distribution characteristics (total contact surface (AC), average pressure (PA), peak pressure (PP), area susceptible to developing pressure ulcers (AD), relieving average pressure (RPA), relieving peak pressure (RPP) and improving contact surface (IAC)) on them were evaluated in the supine, lateral and sitting postures. Findings The evaluated support surfaces demonstrated enhanced pressure distribution characteristics, reducing high-pressure areas with relevance to pressure ulcer development by up to 44.6% in the supine, 20.1% in the lateral and 27.2% in the sitting positions. The structure influences AC and IAC, while posture affects all pressure distribution indices except PP and RPA. Changes in structure and body posture create interaction effects on AC and IAC. The Pearson correlations reveal a robust positive correlation between PA and AD and a strong negative correlation between AC and AD, both statistically significant. Using RPA and AC to set comprehensive quality criteria identified Spacer + S1 as optimal for preventive mattresses (Qk = 0.918) and Spacer + S6 for wheelchair cushions (Qk = 0.935). Originality The developed support surfaces will efficiently reduce the risk of pressure ulcers in susceptible individuals. They are more affordable than commercial options, offer flexible and comfortable designs and do not require electricity.