Normal and osteopenic bone‐derived osteoblast response to a biomimetic gelatin–calcium phosphate bone cement

Abstract We have recently developed a new calcium phosphate bone cement enriched with gelatin (GEL‐CP), which exhibits improved mechanical properties with respect to the control cement (C‐CP). In a previous study, we demonstrated the good response of osteoblast‐like cells to the new biomimetic bone cement. Herein, we extend the investigation to primary culture of osteoblasts derived from healthy and pathological bones. Osteoblasts derived from normal (N‐OB) and osteopenic (O‐OB) sheep bones were cultured on samples of GEL‐CP, and their behavior was compared with that of cells cultured on C‐CP as control. Cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated at 3 and 7 days. SEM analysis revealed that both N‐OB and O‐OB showed a normal morphology when cultured on GEL‐CP. Biological tests demonstrated that the gelatin‐enriched cement improves osteoblasts' activity and differentiation of O‐OB cultures, with respect to the control samples. The data indicate that the new composite cement positively stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen type I, and osteocalcin production, not only in N‐OB, but also in O‐OB culture. The improvement due to the presence of gelatin suggests that the biomimetic composite material could be successfully applied as bone substitute also in the presence of osteopenic bone. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006