journal article·2023-04Open access

Miniaturized Design of a 1 × 2 Plasmonic Demultiplexer Based on Metal–Insulator-Metal Waveguide for Telecommunication Wavelengths

M. A. Butt, N. L. Kazanskiy, S. N. Khonina

Plasmonics· Volume 18· Issue 2

Abstract

Abstract In this work, a numerical analysis of a compact 1 × 2 plasmonic demultiplexer based on a metal–insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is presented. Two hollow circular cavities are side coupled to the bus waveguide on both sides. The cavities are designed in such a way that they resonate at the working wavelength of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. The mechanism of light coupling to an MIM waveguide has not been considered in previous studies. Therefore, a silicon tapered mode converter is integrated with a plasmonic demultiplexer for the efficient conversion of a dielectric to a plasmonic mode. The footprint of the device is 6 μm × 6 μm. The crosstalk at P1 and P2 is ~ 14.07 dB and ~ 13.67 dB for the transmission wavelength of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, respectively.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research · Photonic and Optical Devices · Optical Network Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (50)

Show source-provided references
1. Khonina S, Kazanskiy N, Butt M, Karpeev S (2022) Optical multiplexing techniques and their marriage for on-chip and optical fiber communication: a review. Opto-Electron Adv 5(8):210–12710.29026/oea.2022.210127 ↗
2. Inoue K, Takato N, Toba H, Kawachi M (1988) A four-channel optical waveguide multi/demultiplexer for 5-GHz spaced optical FDM transmission. J Lightwave Technol 6(2):339–34510.1109/50.4008 ↗
3. Bucci D, Grelin J, Ghibaudo E, Broquin J-E (2007) Realization of a 980-nm/1550- nm pump-signal (de) multiplexer made by ion-exchange on glass using a segmented asymmetric y-junction. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 19:698–70010.1109/LPT.2007.895059 ↗
4. Weissman Z, Nir D, Ruschin S, Hardy A (1995) Asymmetric-Y-junction wavelength demultiplexer based on segmented waveguides. Appl Phys Lett 67:302–30410.1063/1.115425 ↗
5. Lin Y-J, Lee S-L, Yao C-L (2003) Four-channel coarse-wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer with a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. Appl Opt 42(15):2689–269410.1364/AO.42.002689 ↗
6. Bock P, Cheben P, Delage A, Schmid J, Xu D-X, Janz S, Hall T (2008) Demultiplexer with blazed waveguide sidewall grating and sub-wavelength grating structure. Opt Express 16(22):17616–1762510.1364/OE.16.017616 ↗
7. Xiao J, Liu X, Sun X (2007) Design of an ultracompact MMI wavelength demultiplexer in slot waveguide structures. Opt Express 15(13):8300–830810.1364/OE.15.008300 ↗
8. Singh S, Kojima K, Koike-Akino T, Wang B, Parsons K, Nishikawa S, Yagyu E (2014) An MMI-based wavelength combiner employing nonuniform refractive index distribution. Opt Express 22:8533–854010.1364/OE.22.008533 ↗
9. Soldano L, Pennings E (1995) Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: principles and applications. J Lightwave Technol 13:615–62710.1109/50.372474 ↗
10. Ioudashkin E, Malka D (2020) Three demultiplexer C-band using angled multimode interference in GaN-SiO2 slot waveguide structures. Nanomaterials 10:233810.3390/nano10122338 ↗
11. Kazanskiy NL, Khonina SN, Butt MA (2020) Plasmonic sensors based on metal–insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: a brief review. Physica E Low Dimens Syst Nanostruct 117:11379810.1016/j.physe.2019.113798 ↗
12. Kazanskiy NL, Butt MA, Degtyarev SA, Khonina SN (2020) Achievements in the development of plasmonic waveguide sensors for measuring the refractive index. Comput Opt 44(3):295–31810.18287/2412-6179-CO-743 ↗
13. Hajshahvaladi L, Kaatuzian H, Danaie M (2019) Design and analysis of a plasmonic demultiplexer based on band-stop filters using double-nanodisk-shaped resonators. Opt Quant Electron 51(12):1–1610.1007/s11082-019-2108-1 ↗
14. Mao J, Zhai X, Wang L, Li H (2017) Numerical analysis of near-infrared plasmonic filter with high figure of merit based on Fano resonance. Appl Phys Express 10:08220110.7567/APEX.10.082201 ↗
15. Pinton N, Grant J, Collins S, Cumming D (2018) Exploitation of magnetic dipole resonances in metal–insulator-metal plasmonic nanostructures to selectivity filter visible light. ACS Photonics 5(4):1250–126110.1021/acsphotonics.7b00959 ↗
16. Lai W, Wen K, Lin J, Guo Z, Hu Q, Fang Y (2018) Plasmonic filter and sensor based on a subwavelength end-coupled hexagonal resonator. Appl Opt 57(22):6369–637410.1364/AO.57.006369 ↗
17. Ebadi S, Ortegren J, Bayati M, Ram S (2020) A multipurpose and highly-compact filter based on metal–insulator-metal waveguides. IEEE Photonics J 12(3):480030910.1109/JPHOT.2020.2974959 ↗
18. Salah H, Hocini A, Melouki A, Khedrouche D (2019) Design and analysis of near infrared high sensitive metal–insulator-metal plasmonic bio-sensor. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering volume 1046. 5th International conference on advanced sciences ICAS5, Hurghada, Egypt 10–12
19. Salah H, Hocini A, Bahri H, Melouki N (2021) High sensitivity plasmonic sensor based on metal–insulator-metal waveguide coupled with a notched hexagonal ring resonator and a stub. ECS J Solid State Sci Technol 10(8):08100110.1149/2162-8777/ac1805 ↗
20. Hocini A, Salah H, Temmar M (2021) Ultra-high-sensitive sensor based on a metal–insulator-metal waveguide coupled with cross cavity. J Comput Electron 20:1354–136210.1007/s10825-021-01706-7 ↗
21. Haffar R, Mahboub O, Farkhsi A, Figuigue M (2022) All-optical logic gates using a plasmonic MIM waveguide and elliptical ring resonator. Plasmonics 17:831–84210.1007/s11468-021-01567-7 ↗
22. Nanda R, Rath R, Swarnakar S, Kumar S (2022) Design of all-optical directional coupler using plasmonic MIM waveguide for switching applications. Plasmonics 17:2153–215910.1007/s11468-022-01695-8 ↗
23. Aparna U, Mendiratta R, Shrinidhi L (2020) 1 × 2 plasmonic wavelength demultiplexer using rectangular MIM waveguide. J Opt Commun 00001015152019029010.1515/joc-2019-0290 ↗
24. Kou Y, Chen X (2011) Multimode interference demultiplexers and splitters in metal–insulator-metal waveguides. Opt Express 19(7):6042–604710.1364/OE.19.006042 ↗
25. Abbaszadeh-Azar O, Abedi K (2020) A wavelength demultiplexing structure based on the multi-teeth-shaped plasmonic waveguide structure. Plasmonics 15(5):1403–140910.1007/s11468-020-01149-z ↗
26. Zafar R, Chauhan P, Salim M, Singh G (2019) Metallic slit-loaded ring resonator-based plasmonic demultiplexer with large crosstalk. Plasmonics 14(4):1013–101710.1007/s11468-018-0888-y ↗
27. Abderrahmane I, Hadjira B, Mehadji A (2023) Efficient 4 and 8 plasmonic wavelength DEMUX with ultra high Q-factor and low FWHM based on nano-rectangular resonators. Opt Quant Electron 55(2):1–2010.1007/s11082-022-04302-6 ↗
28. Khani S, Farmani A, Mir A (2021) Reconfigurable and scalable 2,4- and 6-channel plasmonics demultiplexer utilizing symmetrical rectangular resonators containing silver nano-rod defects with fdtd method. Sci Rep 11(1):1–1310.1038/s41598-021-93167-y ↗
29. Butt MA (2022) Metal–insulator-metal waveguide-based plasmonic sensors: fantasy or truth-a critical review. Appl Res e20220009910.22541/au.166696721.11159601/v1 ↗
30. Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zou K, Meng Y, Hu X (2022) Silicon four-quadrant photodetector working at the 1550-nm telecommunication wavelength. Opt Lett 47(16):4048–405110.1364/OL.468179 ↗
31. Nandhakumar P, Kumar A (2021) Backbone optical fiber analysis at 1310 nm and 1550 nm. J Opt Commun 42(1):79–8410.1515/joc-2018-0042 ↗
32. Jiang W, Cheng F, Xu J, Wan H (2018) Compact and low-crosstalk mode (de) multiplexer using a triple plasmonic-dielectric waveguide-based directional coupler. J Opt Soc Am B 35:2532–254010.1364/JOSAB.35.002532 ↗
33. Xiang D, Li W (2014) MIM plasmonic waveguide splitter with tooth-shaped structures. J Mod Opt 61(3):222–22610.1080/09500340.2013.879933 ↗
34. Chen J, Li J, Liu X, Rohimah S, Tian H, Qi D (2021) Fano resonance in a MIM waveguide with double symmetric rectangular stubs and its sensing characteristics. Opt Commun 482:12656310.1016/j.optcom.2020.126563 ↗
35. Zhu J, Lou J (2020) High-sensitivity Fano resonance temperature sensor in MIM waveguides coupled with a polydimethylsiloxane-sealed semi-square ring resonator. Res Phys 18:10318310.1016/j.rinp.2020.103183 ↗
36. Butt M, Khonina S, Kazanskiy N (2022) Simple and improved plasmonic sensor configuration established on MIM waveguide for enhanced sensing performance. Plasmonics 17:1305–131410.1007/s11468-022-01633-8 ↗
37. Rakic A, Djurisic A, Elazar J, Majewski M (1998) Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Appl Opt 37(22):5271–528310.1364/AO.37.005271 ↗
38. Gramotnev D, Bozhevolnyi S (2010) Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit. Nat Photonics 4:83–9110.1038/nphoton.2009.282 ↗
39. Zhang Y, Cui M (2019) Refractive index sensor based on the symmetric MIM waveguide structure. J Electron Mater 48(2):1005–101010.1007/s11664-018-6823-3 ↗
40. Salah H, Hocini A, Temmar M, Khedrouche D (2019) Design of mid infrared high sensitive metal–insulator-metal plasmonic sensor. Chin J Phys 61:86–9710.1016/j.cjph.2019.07.006 ↗
41. Luo X, Zhai X, Wang L, Lin Q, Liu J (2017) Theoretical analysis of plasmon-induced transparency in MIM waveguide Bragg grating coupled with a single subradiant resonator. IEEE Photonics J 9(5):1–810.1109/JPHOT.2017.2751466 ↗
42. Rahmatiyar M, Afsahi M, Danaie M (2020) Design of a refractive index plasmonic sensor based on a ring resonator coupled to a MIM waveguide containing tapered defects. Plasmonics 15:2169–217610.1007/s11468-020-01238-z ↗
43. Wang J, Feng H, Zhang J, Liu C, Zhang Z, Fang D, Wang L, Gao Y (2022) Plasmonic band-stop MIM waveguide filter based on bilateral asymmetric equilateral triangular ring. Optik 265:16953510.1016/j.ijleo.2022.169535 ↗
44. Naghizadeh S, Kocabas S (2017) Guidelines for designing 2D and 3D plasmonic stub resonators. J Opt Soc Am B 34(1):207–21710.1364/JOSAB.34.000207 ↗
45. Hunsperger R, Yariv A, Lee A (1977) Parallel end-butt coupling for optical integrated circuits. Appl Opt 16:1026–103210.1364/AO.16.001026 ↗
46. Dey R, Cui B (2013) Stitching error reduction in electron beam lithography with in-situ feedback using self-developing resist. J Vac Sci Technol B 31:06F40910.1116/1.4831769 ↗
47. Miyazaki M, Saitou N, Munakata C (1981) Deflection errors due to sample potential in electron beam lithography machine. J Phys E: Sci Instrum 14:19410.1088/0022-3735/14/2/013 ↗
48. Fang Z, Luo H, Lin J, Wang M, Zhang J, Wu R, Zhou J, Chu W, Lu T, Cheng Y (2019) Efficient electro-optical tuning of an optical frequency microcomb on a monolithically integrated high-Q lithium niobate microdisk. Opt Lett 44(24):5953–595610.1364/OL.44.005953 ↗
49. McKenna EM, Lin AS, Mickelson AR, Dinu R, Jin D (2007) Comparison of r33 values for AJ404 films prepared with parallel plate and corona poling. J Opt Soc Am B 24(11):2888–289210.1364/JOSAB.24.002888 ↗
50. Yang D, Wang X, Tian H, Ji Y (2011) Electro-optic modulation property of slow light in coupled photonic crystal resonator arrays. Opt Appl XLI 3:753–763