journal article·2025-11-19

Laser-Engineered Ag@Au Core–Shell Nanostructures: Impact of Shell Thickness on Photodetector Performance

Yasmine H. Khadim, Hussain M. Selman, Uday M. Nayef, Mohammed W. Muayad

Plasmonics· Volume 21· Issue 2
Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles · Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence · Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (78)

Show source-provided references
1. Konstantatos G (2018) Current status and technological prospect of photodetectors based on two-dimensional materials. Nat Commun 9(1):5266. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07643-710.1038/s41467-018-07643-7 ↗
2. Bielecki Z, Achtenberg K, Kopytko M, Mikołajczyk J, Wojtas J, Rogalski A (2022) Review of photodetectors characterization methods. Bull Polish Acad Sci Tech Sci 140534–140534. https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2022.14053410.24425/bpasts.2022.140534 ↗
3. Hadi AJ, Nayef UM, Mutlak FA-H, Jabir MS (2024) High-efficiency photodetectors based on zinc oxide nanostructures on porous silicon grown by pulsed laser deposition. Plasmonics 19(2):577–593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02016-310.1007/s11468-023-02016-3 ↗
4. Chen C, Zheng S, Song H (2021) Photon management to reduce energy loss in perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 50(12):7250–7329. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CS01488E10.1039/D0CS01488E ↗
5. Njema GG, Kibet JK (2023) A review of the technological advances in the design of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Int J Photoenergy 2023:1–35. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/380181310.1155/2023/3801813 ↗
6. Ratnesh RK, Kumar R, Singh S, Chandra R, Singh J (2025) Recent advances in solar cell technology: addressing technological challenges, scenarios, and environmental implications in the development of sustainable energy solutions. New J Chem 49(17):6861–6887. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5NJ00719D10.1039/D5NJ00719D ↗
7. Nayef UM, Kamel RI (2020) Enhancement the electrical properties of porous silicon for photo-detectors applications by depositing Bi2O3 nanoparticles. Optik (Stuttg) 207:163847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.16384710.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163847 ↗
8. Xia F, Mueller T, Lin Y, Valdes-Garcia A, Avouris P (2009) Ultrafast graphene photodetector. Nat Nanotechnol 4(12):839–843. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.29210.1038/nnano.2009.292 ↗
9. Jwar AJ, Nayef UM, Mutlak FA-H (2023) Study effect of magnetic field on Au-TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles via laser ablation deposited on porous silicon for photodetector. Plasmonics 18(2):595–605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01791-310.1007/s11468-023-01791-3 ↗
10. Fang J, Zhou Z, Xiao M, Lou Z, Wei Z, Shen G (2020) Recent advances in low-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials and their applications in high‐performance photodetectors. InfoMat 2(2):291–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.1206710.1002/inf2.12067 ↗
11. Qiu M et al (2018) Visualized UV photodetectors based on Prussian Blue/TiO2 for smart irradiation monitoring application. Adv Mater Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.20170028810.1002/admt.201700288 ↗
12. Ma T et al (2024) Recent progress in photodetectors: from materials to structures and applications. Micromachines 15(10):1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi1510124910.3390/mi15101249 ↗
13. Hussein AM, Afrah T, Awad (2024) Solar collectors with nanofluid for domestic applications: A review. NTU J Renew Energy 7(1):57–6410.56286/dskpxb94 ↗
14. Nallusamy S et al (2025) Advances in optoelectronics for environmental and energy sustainability. Next Energy 9:100387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2025.10038710.1016/j.nxener.2025.100387 ↗
15. Abdin Z et al (2013) Solar energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 26:837–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.02310.1016/j.rser.2013.06.023 ↗
16. Hussein AM, Jawdat A, Yagoob (2021) Heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids for cooling computer device: A review. NTU J Eng Technol 1(1):25–3410.56286/ntujet.v1i1.82 ↗
17. Najim SM, Adnan M, Hussein, Suad H (2021) Danook. Performance evaluation of shell and tube heat exchanger by using Fe3O4/water nanofluidid. NTU J Eng Technol 1(1):54–6210.56286/ntujet.v1i1.56 ↗
18. Feng PX et al (2025) Self-powered photodetectors with ultra-broad spectral response and thermal stability for broadband, energy efficient wearable sensing and optoelectronics, Molecules 30(14)L2897. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules3014289710.3390/molecules30142897 ↗
19. Khlaief JH et al (2025) Synthesis of Au@CdO nanoparticles using laser ablation deposited on porous silicon for photodetector applications. Opt Laser Technol 192:114072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.11407210.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114072 ↗
20. EM, Sulaiman FA-H, Mutlak, Nayef UM (Nov. 2022) High-performance photodetector of Au–MgO/PS nanostructure manufactured via pulsed laser ablation technique. Opt Quantum Electron 54(11):744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04156-y10.1007/s11082-022-04156-y ↗
21. Malik M, Iqbal MA, Choi JR, Pham PV (2022) 2D materials for efficient photodetection: overview, mechanisms, performance and UV-IR range applications. Front Chem. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.90540410.3389/fchem.2022.905404 ↗
22. He S, Tang Z, Huo T, Wu D, Tang JH (2025) Ag/Au bimetallic core–shell nanostructures: a review of synthesis and applications. J Manuf Mater Process 9(4):131. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp904013110.3390/jmmp9040131 ↗
23. Khadim YH, Nayef UM, Mutlak FA-H (2024) Enhancement of spectral responsivity of ag: Au nanoparticles by using seed-growth method. J Opt. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-02155-810.1007/s12596-024-02155-8 ↗
24. Aktafa AA, Nayef UM, Jabir MS (2025) Synthesis and characterization of double core-shell Au@Ag@Au nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and analysis of their antibacterial properties. Plasmonics 20(4):2209–2223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02450-x10.1007/s11468-024-02450-x ↗
25. Abid HN, Nayef UM, Mutlak FA-H, Muslim AM, Muayad MW (2025) Synthesis of Fe3O4 NPs on porous silicon for Photoluminescence-Based humidity sensor. Plasmonics Aug. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-03250-710.1007/s11468-025-03250-7 ↗
26. Jana S, Mukherjee S, Bhaktha SBN, Ray SK (2022) Plasmonic silver nanoparticle-mediated enhanced broadband photoresponse of few-layer phosphorene/si vertical heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 14(1):1699–1709. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c1930910.1021/acsami.1c19309 ↗
27. Omer MI, Hma Salah N (2025) High-performance porous silicon spectral responsivity enhanced with laser-ablated silver nanoparticles via spray pyrolysis. J Opt. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-025-02850-010.1007/s12596-025-02850-0 ↗
28. Ismail MNSM, Fahri MASA, Tan CL, Zakaria R (2025) Plasmon-enhanced visible photodetectors based on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with gold (Au), silver (Ag), and non-alloyed bimetallic (Au/Ag) nanoparticles. Sci Rep 15(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84337-910.1038/s41598-024-84337-9 ↗
29. Sulaiman EM, Nayef UM, Mutlak FAH (Oct.2022) Synthesis and characterization of au:cdo nanoparticles using laser ablation in liquid as gases sensors. Opt Laser Technol 154:108336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.10833610.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108336 ↗
30. Hang Y, Wang A, Wu N (2024) Plasmonic silver and gold nanoparticles: shape- and structure-modulated plasmonic functionality for point-of-caring sensing, bio-imaging and medical therapy. Chem Soc Rev 53(6):2932–2971. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CS00793F10.1039/D3CS00793F ↗
31. Craciun AM, Focsan M, Magyari K, Vulpoi A, Pap Z (2017) Surface plasmon resonance or biocompatibility—key properties for determining the applicability of noble metal nanoparticles. Materials 10(7):836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1007083610.3390/ma10070836 ↗
32. Kang MS, Lee SY, Kim KS, Han D-W (2020) State of the art biocompatible gold nanoparticles for cancer theragnosis. Pharmaceutics 12(8):701. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics1208070110.3390/pharmaceutics12080701 ↗
33. Nayef UM, Muayad MW, Khalaf HA (2014) ZnO/PS/p-Si heterojunction properties. Eur Phys J Appl Phys 66(2):20104. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/201413047010.1051/epjap/2014130470 ↗
34. Nayef UM, WaleedMuayad M, Khalaf HA (2014) Effect of ZNO layers on porous silicon properties. Int J Electrochem Sci 9(5):2278–2284. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1452-3981(23)07926-910.1016/s1452-3981(23)07926-9 ↗
35. Nayef UM, Muayad MW, Noori AS et al (2025) Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via laser ablation on porous silicon for gas sensors application. J Opt. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-025-02531-y10.1007/s12596-025-02531-y ↗
36. Noori FTM, Muayad MW, Nayef UM et al (2025) Effect of cadmium doping on gas sensitivity for CdxNi1−xFe2O4 thin films prepared via pulsed laser deposition on silicon substrate. Opt Quant Electron 57:572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-025-08484-710.1007/s11082-025-08484-7 ↗
37. Singh R, Bhateria R (2021) Core–shell nanostructures: a simplest two-component system with enhanced properties and multiple applications. Environ Geochem Health 43(7):2459–2482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00766-110.1007/s10653-020-00766-1 ↗
38. Mendes PCD et al (2023) Opportunities in the design of metal@oxide core-shell nanoparticles. Advances in Physics: X. https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.217562310.1080/23746149.2023.2175623 ↗
39. Zhang L, Jing H, Boisvert G, He JZ, Wang H (2012) Geometry control and optical tunability of metal–cuprous oxide core–shell nanoparticles. ACS Nano 6(4):3514–3527. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn300546w10.1021/nn300546w ↗
40. Yeo RJ et al (2024) Core-shell micro‐ and nano‐structures for the modification of light‐surface interactions. Adv Opt Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.20230195510.1002/adom.202301955 ↗
41. Vaidya S, Kar A, Patra A, Ganguli AK (2013) Core–shell (CS) nanostructures and their application based on magnetic and optical properties. Rev Nanosci Nanotechnol 2(2):106–126. https://doi.org/10.1166/rnn.2013.102710.1166/rnn.2013.1027 ↗
42. Sulaiman EM, Nayef UM, Mutlak FAH (Jul.2024) Synthesis of au:mgo nanoparticles via laser ablation in liquid for H2S and NO2 gas sensor applications. J Opt 53(3):1659–1666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-00993-y10.1007/s12596-022-00993-y ↗
43. Alhujaily M et al (2023) Au/ZnO nanocomposites prepared by laser ablation for enhancement of antibacterial activity and cytotoxic properties against cancer cells. Metals 13(4):735. https://doi.org/10.3390/met1304073510.3390/met13040735 ↗
44. Raheem Z, Nayef UM, Al-Zubaydi ASJ, Muayad MW, Albarazanchi AKH (2025) Laser-assisted synthesis of Mg-MgO-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ nanoparticles on porous silicon for enhanced photodetector performance. Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-025-03393-610.1007/s12633-025-03393-6 ↗
45. Nayef UM, Hadi AJ, Abdulridha SK, Mutlak FA-H, Ahmed AF (2023) Tin dioxide nanoparticles synthesized via laser ablation in various liquids medium. J Opt 52(1):441–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-00913-010.1007/s12596-022-00913-0 ↗
46. Saimon JA et al (2024) Ag@WO3 core–shell nanocomposite for wide range photo detection. Sci Rep 14(1):28192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73360-510.1038/s41598-024-73360-5 ↗
47. Mozafari M, Nasresfahani S, Sheikhi MH, Agharezaei H (2021) An enhanced Vis-NIR photodetector based on Ag@ PbS core-shell plasmonic heterostructure. J Alloys Compd 850:156831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.15683110.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156831 ↗
48. Costas A, Florica C, Preda N, Besleaga C, Kuncser A, Enculescu I (2022) Self-connected CuO–ZnO radial core–shell heterojunction nanowire arrays grown on interdigitated electrodes for visible-light photodetectors. Sci Rep 12(1):6834. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10879-510.1038/s41598-022-10879-5 ↗
49. Kim JW, Kim J, Woo JY, Kim Y (2025) A comprehensive review of core/shell nanostructures of lead-halide perovskite quantum dots for improved optoelectronic performance and stability. J Mater Chem A. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TA03459K10.1039/D5TA03459K ↗
50. Ghosh A et al (2024) Superior visible photoelectric response with Au/Cu 2 NiSnS 4 core–shell nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 16(9):12033–12041. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c1746210.1021/acsami.3c17462 ↗
51. Vu TKO et al (2024) High performance of UV photodetectors by integration of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles on GaN. Mater Sci Semicond Process 181:108664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.10866410.1016/j.mssp.2024.108664 ↗
52. Dudi D, Bhardwaj K, Prakash SR et al (2025) Plasmon-enhanced hot electron collection in Au–Ag alloy-based zero-bias silicon NIR photodetectors fabricated via pulsed laser deposition. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 36:1321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-025-15316-710.1007/s10854-025-15316-7 ↗
53. Lin F et al (2023) GAAS nanowire photodetectors based on AU nanoparticles modification. Materials 16(4):1735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1604173510.3390/ma16041735 ↗
54. Xu J, Hu J, Peng C, Liu H, Hu Y (2006) A simple approach to the synthesis of silver nanowires by hydrothermal process in the presence of gemini surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 298(2):689–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.04710.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.047 ↗
55. Aktafa AA, Nayef UM, Jabir MS (2025) Synthesis and characterization of double core-shell Au@Ag@Au nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and analysis of their antibacterial properties. Plasmonics 20:2209–2223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02450-x10.1007/s11468-024-02450-x ↗
56. Osonga FJ et al (2019) Photochemical synthesis and catalytic applications of gold nanoplates fabricated using Quercetin diphosphate macromolecules. ACS Omega 4(4):6511–6520. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b0238910.1021/acsomega.8b02389 ↗
57. Khadim YH, Nayef UM, Mutlak FA-H (2024) Synthesis and Characterization of Core–Shell Ag:Au Nanoparticles via Seed Growth for Gas Sensor Applications. Plasmonics, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 875–883, Apr. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02047-w10.1007/s11468-023-02047-w ↗
58. Ahmed RS et al (2025) Photocatalytic degradation of Indigo Carmine by zinc oxide nanoparticles: effect of experimental parameters and kinetic degradation. Plasmonics Jun. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-03068-310.1007/s11468-025-03068-3 ↗
59. Rasheed SA, Nayef UM, Muayad MW (2025) Synthesis of Al2O3 nanoparticles via laser ablation for photodetectors application. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-02898-510.1007/s11468-025-02898-5 ↗
60. Mawat AJ et al (2025) Synthesis, structural Evolution, and antimicrobial properties of thermally treated Zinc-Chromium layered double Hydroxide-Derived nanostructured oxides toward wastewater treatment. Nano LIFE Aug. https://doi.org/10.1142/s179398442550012610.1142/s1793984425500126 ↗
61. Muayad MW, Nayef UM, Hadi AJ, Ali HT, Hussein AM, Awad AT (2025) Synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles via laser ablation for high-performance photodetectors. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-02933-510.1007/s11468-025-02933-5 ↗
62. Ma Y (2010) Au@Ag Core−Shell Nanocubes with Finely Tuned and Well-Controlled Sizes, Shell Thicknesses, and Optical Properties. ACS Nano 4(11):6725–6734. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn102237c10.1021/nn102237c ↗
63. Goudeli E, Pratsinis SE (2017) Surface composition and crystallinity of coalescing silver–gold nanoparticles. ACS Nano 11(11):11653–11660. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b0672710.1021/acsnano.7b06727 ↗
64. Haldar KK, Kundu S, Patra A (2014) Core-size-dependent catalytic properties of bimetallic AU/AG Core-Shell nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interface 6(24):21946–21953. https://doi.org/10.1021/am507391d10.1021/am507391d ↗
65. An SS, Bu Y, Lee S (2015) The characteristic AgcoreAushell nanoparticles as SERS substrates in detecting dopamine molecules at various pH ranges. Int J Nanomed 47. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S8830810.2147/IJN.S88308 ↗
66. Nayef UM, Muayad MW, Noori AS, Hadi AJ (2025) Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via laser ablation on porous silicon for gas sensors application. J Opt. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-025-02531-y10.1007/s12596-025-02531-y ↗
67. Hadi AJ, Nayef UM, Mutlak FA-H, Jabir MS (2024) Enhancing photodetection performance through laser fluence control: SnO2 nanostructured deposited on porous silicon. Opt Laser Technol 179:111338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.11133810.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111338 ↗
68. Acharya D, Mohanta B, Deb S, Sen AK (2018) Theoretical prediction of absorbance spectra considering the particle size distribution using Mie theory and their comparison with the experimental UV–Vis spectra of synthesized nanoparticles. Spectrosc Lett 51(3):139–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2018.144235110.1080/00387010.2018.1442351 ↗
69. Duque JS, Blandón JS, Riascos H (2017) Localized plasmon resonance in metal nanoparticles using Mie theory. J Phys Conf Ser 850:012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/850/1/01201710.1088/1742-6596/850/1/012017 ↗
70. Ye S, Lu Y (2008) Optical properties of AG@polypyrrole nanoparticles calculated by MIE theory. J Phys Chem C 112:8767–8772. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp077710c10.1021/jp077710c ↗
71. Karlik B, Yilmaz MF, Ozdemir M et al (2021) A hybrid machine learning model to study UV-Vis spectra of gold nanospheres. Plasmonics 16:147–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-020-01267-810.1007/s11468-020-01267-8 ↗
72. Rasheed SA, Nayef UM (2025) Enhancing of spectral responsivity of gold nanoparticles via laser ablation deposited on porous silicon. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-02821-y10.1007/s11468-025-02821-y ↗
73. Mohammed WH, Nafil RQ, Nayef UM et al (2025) Synthesis of BaTiO3 nanoparticles via laser ablation in liquid for photodetector application. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-02877-w10.1007/s11468-025-02877-w ↗
74. Khlaief JH, Nayef UM, AbdulHussien AM (2025) Synthesis of Au@Fe3O4 (Core@Shell) nanoparticles via laser ablation deposited on porous silicon for photodetector applications. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-03036-x10.1007/s11468-025-03036-x ↗
75. Shiue R-J et al (2015) High-responsivity Graphene–Boron nitride photodetector and autocorrelator in a silicon photonic integrated circuit. Nano Lett 15(11):7288–7293. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b0236810.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02368 ↗
76. Wei Y, Lan C, Zhou S, Li C (2023) Recent advances in photodetectors based on two-dimensional material/SI heterojunctions. Appl Sci 13(19):11037. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13191103710.3390/app131911037 ↗
77. Abdulhasan W, Rasheed M, Nayef UM (2024) Photodetector application of CuO nanoparticles on porous silicon fabricated by laser ablation in liquid at diverse laser energies. J Phys Conf Ser 2857(1):012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2857/1/01205710.1088/1742-6596/2857/1/012057 ↗
78. Yang Z, Liu M, Li W, Xu J, Wan P, Xu T, Shi D, Kan C, Jiang M (2024) Boosting photoresponses in a SnO2 microwire heterojunction ultraviolet self-biased photodetector through tailoring heterointerface. Surf Interfaces 46:104001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2024.10400110.1016/j.surfin.2024.104001 ↗