New high-pressure phases in BaCO3

Barium carbonate (BaCO3) was examined in a diamond anvil cell up to a pressure of 73 GPa using an in situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction technique. Three new phases of BaCO3 were observed at pressures >10 GPa. From 10 to 24 GPa, BaCO3-IV had a post-aragonite structure with space group Pmmn. There are two molecules in a single unit cell (Z = 2) of the orthorhombic phase, which is same as the high-pressure phases of CaCO3 and SrCO3. The isothermal bulk modulus of BaCO3-IV is K 0 = 84(4) GPa, with V 0 = 129.0(7) A3 when K 0′ = 4. The c axis of the unit cell parameter is less compressible than the a and b axes. The relative change in volume that accompanies the transformation between BaCO3-III and BaCO3-IV is ∼6%. BaCO3-V, which has an orthorhombic symmetry, was synthesized at 50 GPa. As the pressure increases, BaCO3-V is transformed into tetragonal BaCO3-VI. This transformation is likely to be second order, because the diffraction pattern of BaCO3-V is similar to that of BaCO3-VI, and some single peaks in BaCO3-VI become doublets in BaCO3-V. After decompression, the new high-pressure phases transform into BaCO3-II. Our findings resolve a dispute regarding the stable high-pressure phases of BaCO3.