Experimental investigation and thermodynamic optimization of the Co–Ta–Zr system

This work is focused on a deeper understanding of the solidification microstructure of the as-cast alloys, as well as the phase constituents and phase fractions of annealed samples in the Co–Ta–Zr system. Nine primary solidification regions were experimentally determined in the liquidus surface projection, and three primary solidification regions were deduced based on binary phase diagrams. Six three-phase equilibria were observed in the isothermal sections at 1373 and 1273 K. The maximum solubilities of Zr in μ and CoTa ₂ were determined to be ∼ 6.1 and ∼ 6.7 at% at 1373 K, and ∼ 3.9 and ∼ 5.9 at% at 1273 K, respectively. The maximum solubilities of Ta in Co ₂₃Zr ₆ and CoZr were determined to be ∼ 3.3 and ∼ 14.1 at% at 1373 K, and in Co ₂₃Zr ₆, CoZr and CoZr ₂ were determined to be ∼ 2.6, ∼ 13.5 and ∼ 11.9 at% at 1273 K, respectively. The Co–Ta–Zr system was optimized by CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method based on the experimental data. Four solution phases, liquid, bcc, fcc, and hcp, were described as substitutional solution. The thermodynamic models of intermetallic phases Co ₁₁Zr ₂, Co ₂₃Zr ₆, CoZr ₂, Co ₃Ta, CoTa ₂, λ ₁, λ ₂ and λ ₃ were treated as (Co) ₁₁(Ta,Zr) ₂, (Co) ₂₃(Ta,Zr) ₆, (Co,Zr)(Ta,Zr) ₂, Co ₃(Co,Ta), (Co,Ta,Zr)(Co,Ta,Zr) ₂, (Co,Ta) ₂(Co,Ta), (Co,Ta,Zr) ₂(Co,Ta,Zr) and (Co,Ta) ₂(Co,Ta) using a two-sublattice model, respectively. CoZr ₃ was described as (Co,Zr)(Co,Zr)Zr ₂ by a three-sublattice model. μ phase was modeled as (Co,Ta,Zr) ₁(Ta,Zr) ₄(Co,Ta,Zr) ₂(Co,Ta,Zr) ₆ using a four-sublattice model. And CoZr with a B2 structure was described as an ordered phase of bcc_A2, and the model was treated as (Co,Ta,Zr,Va) _0.5(Co,Ta,Zr,Va) _0.5(Va) ₃ . A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Co–Ta–Zr system was obtained using CALPHAD method. The calculated solidification paths and phase fractions can provide theoretical guidance for material design and thermal processing.