Enhancing lithium titanate anode performance through surface modification with fluorine and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes

In this study, we explore the efficacy of fluorine and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes (F@N-CNT) as a novel surface modifier for lithium titanate (LTO) anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The integration of F@N-CNT enhances the electrochemical properties of LTO anodes by improving electrical conductivity and facilitating lithium-ion diffusion., Electrodes modified with F@N-CNT exhibited significant improvements in capacity retention, achieving 71 % capacity retention over 200 cycles at 2 C and delivering energy capacities up to 162.9 mAh g ⁻¹ at 0.2 C, with an impressive high-rate performance of 74.8 mAh g ⁻¹ at 30 C. This study demonstrates that F@N-CNT effectively forms a conductive network within the LTO matrix, resulting in superior high-rate performance and stability. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the microstructural changes induced by co-doping and elucidates their impact on the electrochemical performance, providing valuable insights into the design of high-performance anodes for future energy storage applications. This approach not only addresses the current limitations of LTO anodes but also introduces a scalable strategy for enhancing the overall functionality of LIBs.