Reconstruction of multidimensional nonlinear polarization response of Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces

Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) metasurfaces have been considered as innovative optical devices for efficient manipulation of both the phase and the polarization of the electromagnetic field. Here, we present the simultaneous generation of circularly, elliptically, and linearly polarized states by the simplest PB metasurface with one-dimensional phase gradient unit cells. Furthermore, we propose that the reconstruction of a multidimensional nonlinear polarization response of a nanomaterial can be achieved in a single heterodyne measurement by active manipulation of the polarization states of incident light. Using multidimensional spectroscopy, we demonstrate the possibility to track both stationary and transient delocalized charge distributions via detecting plasmonic populations and coherences.