Regularities of Dispersion Hardening of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy during Artificial Aging
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The effect of solution treatment and aging on the phase composition and physicomechanical properties of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy is investigated. An increase in the solution temperature from 530 to 550°C leads to the hardness increase from 59 ± 1 to 68 ± 2 HV and the electrical conductivity decrease from 38.9 ± 0.1 to 36.0 ± 0.1 % IACS, respectively. The stress–strain curves after solution treatment are characterized by jerky flow or the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect, which is associated with the dissolution of particles at high temperatures and the formation of a supersaturated solid solution in the alloy after solution treatment. Aging at 190°C leads to a nonmonotonic behavior of hardness. The maximum hardness of 143 ± 4 HV is observed after aging for 2 h. The β″, β′, Q′ particles, clusters, and Guinier–Preston zones provide maximum hardness in the alloy. Dispersion hardening leads to an increase in the yield stress and ultimate tensile strength to 340 ± 5 and 390 ± 10 MPa, respectively, at the elongation of about 12.3 ± 1.6%. The high ductility of the alloy (approximately 2% higher than the previously published literature data) may be a result of the absence of needle-like Al5FeSi particles due to a targeted reduction in the Fe concentration in the alloy.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Microstructure and mechanical properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (46)
Show source-provided references
1. Kumar, N., Severe Plastic Deformation of Al–Mg–Si Alloys Processed Through Rolling Techniques: A Review, Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 2022, vol. 11, pp. 353–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-022-00859-610.1007/s13632-022-00859-6 ↗
2. Buchanan, K., Colas, K., Ribis, J., Lopez, A., and Garnier, J., Analysis of the metastable precipitates in peak-hardness aged Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) alloys with differing Si contents, Acta Materialia, 2017, vol. 132, pp. 209–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.03710.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.037 ↗
3. Chen, J.H., Costan, E., Van Huis, M.A., Xu, Q., and Zandbergen, H.W., Atomic pillar-based nanoprecipitates strengthen AlMgSi alloys, Science, 2006, vol. 312, no. 5772, pp. 416–419. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.112419910.1126/science.1124199 ↗
4. Cabibbo, M., Evangelista, E., and Vedani, M., Influence of severe plastic deformations on secondary phase precipitation in a 6082 Al-Mg-Si alloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005, vol. 36, pp. 1353–1364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0226-910.1007/s11661-005-0226-9 ↗
5. Marioara, C.D., Andersen, S.J., Zandbergen, H.W., and Holmestad, R., The influence of alloy composition on precipitates of the Al-Mg-Si system, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005, vol. 36, pp. 691–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0185-110.1007/s11661-005-0185-1 ↗
6. Matsuda, K., Sakaguchi, Y., Miyata, Y., Uetani, Y., Sato, T., Kamio, A., and Ikeno, S., Precipitation sequence of various kinds of metastable phases in Al-1.0 mass% Mg2Si-0.4 mass% Si alloy, Journal of Materials Science, 2000, vol. 35, pp. 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:100476930573610.1023/A:1004769305736 ↗
7. Vissers, R., Van Huis, M.A., Jansen, J., Zandbergen, H.W., Marioara, C.D., and Andersen, S.J., The crystal structure of the β'' phase in Al–Mg–Si alloys, Acta Materialia, 2007, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 3815–3823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.03210.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.032 ↗
8. Marioara, C.D., Andersen, S.J., Stene, T.N., Hasting, H., Walmsley, J., Van Helvoort, A.T.J., and Holmestad, R., The effect of Cu on precipitation in Al–Mg–Si alloys, Philosophical Magazine, 2007, vol. 87, no. 23, pp. 3385–3413. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478643070128737710.1080/14786430701287377 ↗
9. Chakrabarti, D.J. and Laughlin, D.E., Phase relations and precipitation in Al–Mg–Si alloys with Cu additions, Progress in Materials Science, 2004, vol. 49, no. 3-4, pp. 389–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(03)00031-810.1016/S0079-6425(03)00031-8 ↗
10. Sagalowicz, L., Hug, G., Bechet, D., Sainfort, P., and Lapasset, G., A study of the structural precipitation in the AI-Mg-Si-Cu system, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, 1994, pp. 636–643.
11. Dorward, R.C., Preaging effects in Al-Mg-Si alloys, Metallurgical Transactions, 1973, vol. 4, pp. 507–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0264870310.1007/BF02648703 ↗
12. Demir, H. and Gündüz, S., The effects of aging on machinability of 6061 aluminium alloy, Materials & Design, 2009, vol. 30, pp. 1480–1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.08.00710.1016/j.matdes.2008.08.007 ↗
13. Chen, Y., Hu, Q., Pan, S., Zhang, H., Liu, H., Zhu, B., Liu, H., and Liu, W., Influences of Cu Content on the Microstructure and Strengthening Mechanisms of Al-Mg-Si-x Cu Alloys, Metals, 2019, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/met905052410.3390/met9050524 ↗
14. Jin, M., Li, J., and Shao, G.J., Study of Cu addition on precipitation behaviors and mechanical properties in AA6082 Al-Mg-Si alloy, Materials Science Forum, 2007, vol. 546-549, pp. 825–828. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.546-549.82510.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.546-549.825 ↗
15. Zhong, H., Rometsh, P., and Estrin, Y., Effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on mechanical performance of 6xxx aluminum alloys, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 2174–2178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63329-X10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63329-X ↗
16. Lu, T., Wu, J., Pan, Y., Tao, S., and Chen, Y., Optimizing the tensile properties of Al–11Si–0.3Mg alloys: Role of Cu addition, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, vol. 631, pp. 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.10710.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.107 ↗
17. Matsuda, K., Ishida, Y., Mullerova, I., Frank, L., and Ikeno, S., Cube-phase in excess Mg-type Al-Mg-Si alloy studied by EFTEM, Journal of Materials Science, 2006, vol. 41, pp. 2605–2610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-7819-610.1007/s10853-006-7819-6 ↗
18. Zhen, L., Fei, W.D., Kang, S.B., and Kim, H.W., Precipitation behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloys with high silicon content, Journal of Materials Science, 1997, vol. 32, pp. 1895–1902. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101856922649910.1023/A:1018569226499 ↗
19. Xu, X., Zhu, W., Yuan, M., Liang, C., and Deng, Y., The effect of Zn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si alloy, Materials Characterization, 2023, vol. 198, p. 112714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.11271410.1016/j.matchar.2023.112714 ↗
20. Liu, F., Chen, S., Dong, Q., Qin, J., Li, Z., Zhang, B., and Nagaumi, H., Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy with varying Mn and/or Cr additions, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2024, vol. 892, p. 146053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.14605310.1016/j.msea.2023.146053 ↗
21. Zolotorevsky, V.S. and Belov, N.A., Metallurgy of Cast Aluminum Alloys, MISiS, Moscow, 2005, 368 p.
22. Shabadi, R., Kumar, S., Roven, H.J., and Dwarakadasa, E.S., Effect of specimen condition, orientation and alloy composition on PLC band parameters, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2004, vol. 382, no. 1-2, pp. 203–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.04.07910.1016/j.msea.2004.04.079 ↗
23. Xie, J., Chen, X.P., Mei, L., Ren, P., Huang, G.J., and Liu, Q., Multifractal analyses of serrated flow in friction stir processed Al–Mg–Sc alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2020, vol. 786, p. 139436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.13943610.1016/j.msea.2020.139436 ↗
24. Rodriguez, P., Serrated plastic flow, Bulletin of Materials Science, 1984, vol. 6, pp. 653–663.10.1007/BF02743993 ↗
25. Gras, Ch., Meredith, M., and Hunt, J.D., Microdefects formation during the twin-roll casting of Al–Mg–Mn aluminium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, vol. 167, no. 1, pp. 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.09.08410.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.09.084 ↗
26. Kumar, N., Goel, S., Jayaganthan, R., and Brokmeier, H.G., Effect of solution treatment on mechanical and corrosion behaviors of 6082-T6 Al alloy, Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 2015, vol. 4, pp. 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-015-0219-z10.1007/s13632-015-0219-z ↗
27. Ber, L.B., On Aging Stages of Aluminum Alloys, Tekhnologiya Legkikh Splavov, 2013, no. 4, pp. 66–67.
28. Jin, S., Ngai, T., Zhang, G., Zhai, T., Jia, S., and Li, L., Precipitation strengthening mechanisms during natural ageing and subsequent artificial aging in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2018, vol. 724, pp. 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.00610.1016/j.msea.2018.03.006 ↗
29. Wang, S.C. and Starink, M.J., Precipitates and intermetallic phases in precipitation hardening Al–Cu–Mg–(Li) based alloys, International Materials Reviews, 2005, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 193–215. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328005X1435710.1179/174328005X14357 ↗
30. Shih, H.C., Ho, N.J., and Huang, J.C., Precipitation behaviors in Al-Cu-Mg and 2024 aluminum alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 2479–2494. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0265234210.1007/BF02652342 ↗
31. Lee, S.H., Seo, N., Kang, M., Son, S.B., Lee, S.J., and Jung, J.G., Natural aging-induced nanoprecipitation and its impact on tensile properties of Al–Si–Cu–Mg cast alloy, Materials Characterization, 2024, vol. 215, p. 114204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2024.11420410.1016/j.matchar.2024.114204 ↗
32. Sbitneva, S.V., Lukina, E.A., and Zaitsev, D.V., Investigation of the Features of Solid Solution Decomposition during Aging of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys, Tekhnologiya Legkikh Splavov, 2019, no. 1, pp. 29–41.
33. Sbitneva S.V., Lukina E.А., Zaytsev D.V. Investigation of the features of the decomposition of a solid solution during aging of alloys of the Al–Mg–Si–Cu system, Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 12 (106), paper no. 02. https://doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-12-14-2010.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-12-14-20 ↗
34. Bagaryatsky, Y.A., Structural changes on aging Al-Cu-Mg alloys, Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1952, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 397–401.
35. Bagaryatsky, Y.A., Charateristics of natural aging of aluminum alloy, Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1952, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 559–562.
36. Sunde, J.K., Marioara, C.D., and Holmestad, R., The effect of low Cu additions on precipitate crystal structures in overaged Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) alloys, Materials Characterization, 2020, vol. 160, p. 110087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.11008710.1016/j.matchar.2019.110087 ↗
37. Polmear, I., StJohn, D., Nie, J.-F., and Qian, M., Light alloys: Metallurgy of the Light Metals, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2017.10.1016/B978-0-08-099431-4.00001-4 ↗
38. Hirano, K.I., Atom-probe field-ion microscope studies on age-hardenable aluminium alloys, Materials Science Forum, 1987, vol. 13-14, pp. 215–240. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.13-14.21510.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.13-14.215 ↗
39. Starink, M.J., Gao, N., and Yan, J.L., The origins of room temperature hardening of Al–Cu–Mg alloys, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2004, vol. 387, pp. 222-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.01.08510.1016/j.msea.2004.01.085 ↗
40. Orowan, E., Creep in Metals, Journal of the West of Scotland Iron & Steel Institute, 1946, vol. 54, pp. 45–53.
41. Kocks, U.F. and Mecking, H., Physics and phenomenology of strain hardening: the FCC case, Progress in materials science, 2003, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 171–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(02)00003-810.1016/S0079-6425(02)00003-8 ↗
42. Bodyakova, A., Mishnev, R., Belyakov, A., and Kaibyshev, R., Effect of chromium content on precipitation in Cu–Cr–Zr alloys, Journal of Materials Science, 2022, vol. 57, no. 27, pp. 13043–13059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07454-810.1007/s10853-022-07454-8 ↗
43. Lei, G., Wang, B., Lu, J., Wang, C., Li, Y., and Luo, F., Effects of solid solution temperature on the microstructure and properties of 6013 aluminum alloy, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2022, vol. 280, p. 125829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.12582910.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.125829 ↗
44. Liu, M.P., Jiang, T.H., Wang, J., Liu, Q., Wu, Z.J., Yu, Y.D., Skaret, P.C., and Roven, H.J., Aging behavior and mechanical properties of 6013 aluminum alloy processed by severe plastic deformation, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3858–3865. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63543-310.1016/S1003-6326(14)63543-3 ↗
45. Sbitneva, S.V. and Zaitsev, D.V., Effect of Aging and LTMT Conditions on the Phase Composition of Strengthening Precipitates and Properties of 6013 Alloy Sheets, Tekhnologiya Legkikh Splavov, 2017, no. 4, pp. 42–48.
46. Lei, G., Wang, B., Lu, J., Wang, C., Li, Y., and Luo, F., Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of continuous heating aging 6013 aluminum alloy, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022, vol. 18, pp. 370–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.02.10110.1016/j.jmrt.2022.02.101 ↗