journal article·2025-05Open access

Advancing NASICON-type materials through high-entropy strategy: Synthesis and applications

Youmei Li, Ming Zhang, Jintian Wu, Zixuan Fang, Ziqiang Xu, Mengqiang Wu

Journal of Advanced Ceramics· Volume 14· Issue 5

Abstract

High-entropy materials (HEMs) have emerged as a promising frontier in electrochemical energy storage systems due to their unique compositional versatility and tunable physicochemical properties. By incorporating multiple principal elements with distinct chemical functionalities, HEMs exhibit tailored electronic/ionic configurations, enabling unprecedented structural adaptability and application potential. This review systematically analyzes the fundamental principles underpinning the entropy-driven optimization of electrochemical performance in battery materials, with a focus on the interplay between compositional disorder and functional enhancements. For the first time, we comprehensively review recent advances in NASICON-type HEMs spanning cathodes, solid-state electrolytes, and anodes. Through investigations, the profound impact of high-entropy strategies on critical material parameters were elucidate, including lattice strain modulation, interfacial stability reinforcement, charge-transfer kinetics optimization, and ion transport pathway regulation. Furthermore, we evaluate the current challenges in high-entropy NASICON-type battery design and propose actionable strategies for advancing next-generation high-entropy battery systems, emphasizing rational compositional screening, entropy-stabilized interface design, and machine learning-assisted property prediction.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Thermal properties of materials · High-Temperature Coating Behaviors · Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. N Anantharamulu. A wide-ranging review on Nasicon type materials. 2011, 46: 2821-2837.10.1007/s10853-011-5302-5 ↗
2. CL Chen. A NASICON-type Na 3.67Cu 0.17Fe 0.5V 1.33(PO 4) 3 cathode with multi-electron reaction for high-energy sodium-ion battery. 2024, 8: 2649-2656.10.1039/D4QM00318G ↗
3. DS Fan. Redox couple modulation in NASICON phosphates toward high-performance cathodes for Na-ion batteries. 2024, 5: 73.10.34133/energymatadv.0073 ↗
4. XY Feng. Review of modification strategies in emerging inorganic solid-state electrolytes for lithium, sodium, and potassium batteries. 2022, 6: 543-587.10.1016/j.joule.2022.01.015 ↗
5. ZL Jian. NASICON-structured materials for energy storage. 2017, 29: 1601925.10.1002/adma.201601925 ↗
6. Y Li. Recent advance on NASICON electrolyte in solid-state sodium metal batteries. 2023, 56: 582-599.10.1016/j.ensm.2023.01.047 ↗
7. XH Liu. Investigating the influence of sodium sources towards improved Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3 cathode of sodium-ion batteries. 2020, 815: 152430.10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152430 ↗
8. KY Sun. Optimizing the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of Na 4MnCr(PO 4) 3 by trace La doping. 2025, 681: 161505.10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161505 ↗
9. R Zhang. Compositionally complex doping for zero-strain zero-cobalt layered cathodes. 2022, 610: 67-73.10.1038/s41586-022-05115-z ↗
10. MT Ahsan. Unraveling the fast Na diffusion kinetics of NASICON at high voltage via high entropy for sodium-ion battery. 2024, 14: 2302733.10.1002/aenm.202302733 ↗
11. XF Liu. High-entropy oxide: A future anode contender for lithium-ion battery. 2022, 4: e12261.10.1002/eom2.12261 ↗
12. QS Wang. High entropy oxides as anode material for Li-ion battery applications: A practical approach. 2019, 100: 121-125.10.1016/j.elecom.2019.02.001 ↗
13. S Schweidler. High-entropy materials for energy and electronic applications. 2024, 9: 266-281.10.1038/s41578-024-00654-5 ↗
14. A Amiri. Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion. 2021, 9: 782-823.10.1039/D0TA09578H ↗
15. D Liu. Emerging high-entropy compounds for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. 2024, 145: 101300.10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101300 ↗
16. CM Rost. Entropy-stabilized oxides. 2015, 6: 8485.10.1038/ncomms9485 ↗
17. JW Yeh. Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: Novel alloy design concepts and outcomes. 2004, 6: 299-303.10.1002/adem.200300567 ↗
18. A Sarkar. High entropy oxides for reversible energy storage. 2018, 9: 3400.10.1038/s41467-018-05774-5 ↗
19. BB Wei. Intermediate phase induced in situ self-reconstruction of amorphous NASICON for long-life solid-state sodium metal batteries. 2025, 18: 831-840.10.1039/D4EE01743A ↗
20. M Li. High entropy enabling the reversible redox reaction of V 4+/V 5+ couple in NASICON-type sodium ion cathode. 2023, 13: 2203971.10.1002/aenm.202203971 ↗
21. D Bérardan. Room temperature lithium superionic conductivity in high entropy oxides. 2016, 4: 9536-9541.10.1039/C6TA03249D ↗
22. B Wu. High-entropy NASICON phosphates (Na 3M 2(PO 4) 3 and NaMPO 4O x , M = Ti, V, Mn, Cr, and Zr) for sodium electrochemistry. 2022, 61: 4092-4101.10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03861 ↗
23. Y Zeng. High-entropy mechanism to boost ionic conductivity. 2022, 378: 1320-1324.10.1126/science.abq1346 ↗
24. SL Wei. Natural-mixing guided design of refractory high-entropy alloys with as-cast tensile ductility. 2020, 19: 1175-1181.10.1038/s41563-020-0750-4 ↗
25. EP George. High-entropy alloys. 2019, 4: 515-534.10.1038/s41578-019-0121-4 ↗
26. YP Lu. A promising new class of high-temperature alloys: Eutectic high-entropy alloys. 2014, 4: 6200.10.1038/srep06200 ↗
27. RJ Mu. Excellent high-temperature strength of (HfZrTiTaNb)C high-entropy carbide diffusion-bonded joint via in-situ alloying of Ni/Nb/Ni composite interlayer. 2025, 14: 9221010.10.26599/JAC.2024.9221010 ↗
28. S Akrami. High-entropy ceramics: Review of principles, production and applications. 2021, 146: 100644.10.1016/j.mser.2021.100644 ↗
29. C Toher. Unavoidable disorder and entropy in multi-component systems. 2019, 5: 69.10.1038/s41524-019-0206-z ↗
30. GR Zhang. High-entropy transparent ceramics: Review of potential candidates and recently studied cases. 2022, 19: 644-672.10.1111/ijac.13856 ↗
31. SS Huang. Irradiation performance of high entropy ceramics: A comprehensive comparison with conventional ceramics and high entropy alloys. 2024, 143: 101250.10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101250 ↗
32. YT Ning. Design strategy of high-entropy perovskite energy-storage ceramics: A review. 2024, 44: 4831-4843.10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.02.040 ↗
33. YB Shin. Novel transparent high-entropy sesquioxide ceramics with high physicochemical plasma etching resistance. 2025, 14: 9221013.10.26599/JAC.2024.9221013 ↗
34. YW Chen. Opportunities for high-entropy materials in rechargeable batteries. 2021, 3: 160-170.10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00484 ↗
35. DB Miracle. A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts. 2017, 122: 448-511.10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.081 ↗
36. DC Ma. Ab initio thermodynamics of the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy: Importance of entropy contributions beyond the configurational one. 2015, 100: 90-97.10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.050 ↗
37. MD Hossain. Entropy landscaping of high-entropy carbides. 2021, 33: 2102904.10.1002/adma.202102904 ↗
38. A Shahsavar. Effect of line dipole magnetic field on entropy generation of Mn–Zn ferrite ferrofluid flowing through a minichannel using two-phase mixture model. 2018, 340: 370-379.10.1016/j.powtec.2018.09.052 ↗
39. N Pérez. Electronic entropy change in Ni-doped FeRh. 2019, 9: 100129.10.1016/j.mtphys.2019.100129 ↗
40. K Seki. Relationship between entropy and diffusion: A statistical mechanical derivation of Rosenfeld expression for a rugged energy landscape. 2015, 143: 194110.10.1063/1.4935969 ↗
41. JC Dyre. Perspective: Excess-entropy scaling. 2018, 149: 210901.10.1063/1.5055064 ↗
42. JW Yeh. Recent progress in high-entropy alloys. 2006, 31: 633-648.10.3166/acsm.31.633-648 ↗
43. BT Huang. Non-covalent interactions in electrochemical reactions and implications in clean energy applications. 2018, 20: 15680-15686.10.1039/C8CP02512F ↗
44. X Zhao. More is better: High-entropy electrolyte design in rechargeable batteries. 2024, 17: 2406-2430.10.1039/D3EE03821A ↗
45. SS Aamlid. Understanding the role of entropy in high entropy oxides. 2023, 145: 5991-6006.10.1021/jacs.2c11608 ↗
46. WR Zhang. Science and technology in high-entropy alloys. 2018, 61: 2-22.10.1007/s40843-017-9195-8 ↗
47. MV Reddy. Metal oxides and oxysalts as anode materials for Li ion batteries. 2013, 113: 5364-5457.10.1021/cr3001884 ↗
48. E Lökçü. Electrochemical performance of (MgCoNiZn) 1− x Li x O high-entropy oxides in lithium-ion batteries. 2020, 12: 23860-23866.10.1021/acsami.0c03562 ↗
49. A Sarkar. High entropy oxides: The role of entropy, enthalpy and synergy. 2020, 187: 43-48.10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.05.019 ↗
50. R Carroll. Experiments and model for serration statistics in low-entropy, medium-entropy, and high-entropy alloys. 2015, 5: 16997.10.1038/srep16997 ↗
51. DF Tietz. Polyanionic lattice modifications leading to high-entropy sodium ion conductors: Mathematical solution of accessible compositions. 2020, 21: 2096-2103.10.1002/cphc.202000566 ↗
52. YX Chen. An advanced high-entropy cathode achieves a multi-electron reaction via the activation of multicationic redox in polyanionic phosphates for sodium-ion batteries. 2024, 12: 13568-13577.10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c04178 ↗
53. X Ding. High-entropy and Na-rich-designed high-energy-density Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3/C cathode. 2024, 18: 35632-35643.10.1021/acsnano.4c14284 ↗
54. M Ali. High-entropy battery materials: Revolutionizing energy storage with structural complexity and entropy-driven stabilization. 2025, 163: 100921.10.1016/j.mser.2024.100921 ↗
55. ZH Zhou. Improving upon rechargeable battery technologies: On the role of high-entropy effects. 2025, 18: 19-52.10.1039/D4EE03708A ↗
56. YJ Ma. High-entropy energy materials: Challenges and new opportunities. 2021, 14: 2883-2905.10.1039/D1EE00505G ↗
57. YT Dong. Layered-structured sodium-ion cathode materials: Advancements through high-entropy approaches. 2024, 9: 5096-5119.10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02223 ↗
58. S Acharya. Quasi-random distribution of distorted nanostructures enhances thermoelectric performance of high-entropy chalcopyrite. 2023, 112: 108493.10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108493 ↗
59. K Huang. Lattice-disordered high-entropy alloy engineered by thermal dezincification for improved catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. 2024, 36: 2304867.10.1002/adma.202304867 ↗
60. W Kucza. Studies of “sluggish diffusion” effect in Co–Cr–Fe–Mn–Ni, Co–Cr–Fe–Ni and Co–Fe–Mn–Ni high entropy alloys; determination of tracer diffusivities by combinatorial approach. 2018, 731: 920-928.10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.108 ↗
61. V Verma. Diffusion in high entropy alloy systems—A review. 2024, 142: 101245.10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101245 ↗
62. K Wang. Synergy of cations in high entropy oxide lithium ion battery anode. 2023, 14: 1487.10.1038/s41467-023-37034-6 ↗
63. BX Cao. Cocktail effects in understanding the stability and properties of face-centered-cubic high-entropy alloys at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. 2020, 187: 250-255.10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.06.008 ↗
64. JC Xia. Synergistic entropy engineering with vacancies: Unraveling the cocktail effect for extraordinary thermoelectric performance in SnTe-based materials. 2024, 34: 2401635.10.1002/adfm.202401635 ↗
65. D Stenzel. High entropy and low symmetry: Triclinic high-entropy molybdates. 2021, 60: 115-123.10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02501 ↗
66. TJ Harrington. Phase stability and mechanical properties of novel high entropy transition metal carbides. 2019, 166: 271-280.10.1016/j.actamat.2018.12.054 ↗
67. JJ Gao. Synthesis and characterization of a new TiZrHfNbTaSn high-entropy alloy exhibiting superelastic behavior. 2021, 198: 113824.10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.113824 ↗
68. W Ran. High-entropy engineering for multivalency-induced stability in SnSb-based anodes. 2025, 17: 10686-10695.10.1021/acsami.4c19698 ↗
69. ZT Xia. Realizing B-site high-entropy air electrode for superior reversible solid oxide cells. 2024, 357: 124314.10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124314 ↗
70. J Sushil. High entropy phase evolution and fine structure of five component oxide (Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)O by citrate gel method. 2021, 259: 124014.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.124014 ↗
71. PC Huang. Investigation of the corrosion behavior of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution using hard and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 2024, 648: 158942.10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.158942 ↗
73. LX Miao. Chemical environment and structural variations in high entropy oxide thin film probed with electron microscopy. 2024, 18: 14968-14977.10.1021/acsnano.4c00787 ↗
74. R Hu. Application of atom probe tomography in understanding high entropy alloys: 3D local chemical compositions in atomic scale analysis. 2022, 123: 100854.10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100854 ↗
75. MP Prange. Toward a machine learning approach to interpreting X-ray spectra of trace impurities by converting XANES to EXAFS. 2025, 129: 346-355.10.1021/acs.jpca.4c05612 ↗
76. Y Lu. Electrolyte and interface engineering for solid-state sodium batteries. 2018, 2: 1747-1770.10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.028 ↗
77. ZZ Zhang. Correlated migration invokes higher Na +-ion conductivity in NaSICON-type solid electrolytes. 2019, 9: 1902373.10.1002/aenm.201902373 ↗
78. H Park. Sodium ion diffusion in NASICON (Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12) solid electrolytes: Effects of excess sodium. 2016, 8: 27814-27824.10.1021/acsami.6b09992 ↗
79. M Monchak. Lithium diffusion pathway in Li 1.3Al 0.3Ti 1.7(PO 4) 3 (LATP) superionic conductor. 2016, 55: 2941-2945.10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02821 ↗
80. ZY Zou. Identifying migration channels and bottlenecks in monoclinic NASICON-type solid electrolytes with hierarchical ion-transport algorithms. 2021, 31: 2107747.10.1002/adfm.202107747 ↗
81. K Hayamizu. Ceramic-glass pellet thickness and Li diffusion in NASICON-type LAGP (Li 1.5Al 0.5Ge 1.5(PO 4) 3) studied by pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy. 2022, 380: 115924.10.1016/j.ssi.2022.115924 ↗
82. PH Kuo. Lithium ion diffusion mechanism and associated defect behaviors in crystalline Li 1+ x Al x Ge 2− x (PO 4) 3 solid-state electrolytes. 2019, 123: 27385-27398.10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08390 ↗
83. J Kang. Integrated study of first principles calculations and experimental measurements for Li-ionic conductivity in Al-doped solid-state LiGe 2(PO 4) 3 electrolyte. 2015, 293: 11-16.10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.060 ↗
84. JF Ihlefeld. Scaling effects in sodium zirconium silicate phosphate (Na 1+ x Zr 2Si x P 3− x O 12) ion-conducting thin films. 2016, 99: 2729-2736.10.1111/jace.14285 ↗
85. X Han. Manipulating charge-transfer kinetics and a flow-domain LiF-rich interphase to enable high-performance microsized silicon–silver–carbon composite anodes for solid-state batteries. 2023, 16: 5395-5408.10.1039/D3EE01696J ↗
86. W Liu. NaF interfacial riveting and lattice doping enable high-density NZSP solid electrolyte with long-cycle performance. 2024, 985: 174065.10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174065 ↗
87. YJ Zhao. Homogeneous Na + transfer dynamic at Na/Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12 interface for all solid-state sodium metal batteries. 2021, 88: 106293.10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106293 ↗
88. K Noi. Liquid-phase sintering of highly Na + ion conducting Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12 ceramics using Na 3BO 3 additive. 2018, 101: 1255-1265.10.1111/jace.15288 ↗
89. XX Xu. Preparation and electrical properties of NASICON-type structured Li 1.4Al 0.4Ti 1.6(PO 4) 3 glass-ceramics by the citric acid-assisted sol–gel method. 2007, 178: 29-34.10.1016/j.ssi.2006.11.009 ↗
90. XG Liu. Facile synthesis of nanosized lithium-ion-conducting solid electrolyte Li 1.4Al 0.4Ti 1.6(PO 4) 3 and its mechanical nanocomposites with LiMn 2O 4 for enhanced cyclic performance in lithium ion batteries. 2017, 9: 11696-11703.10.1021/acsami.6b16233 ↗
91. FJ Ji. Low-cost and facile synthesis of LAGP solid state electrolyte via a co-precipitation method. 2022, 121: 023904.10.1063/5.0098362 ↗
92. M Kotobuki. Effect of Li salts on the properties of Li 1.5Al 0.5Ti 1.5(PO 4) 3 solid electrolytes prepared by the co-precipitation method. 2019, 7: 426-433.10.1080/21870764.2019.1652971 ↗
93. KM Kim. Effects of preparation conditions on the ionic conductivity of hydrothermally synthesized Li 1+ x Al x Ti 2− x (PO 4) 3 solid electrolytes. 2015, 176: 1364-1373.10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.170 ↗
94. GZ Yang. Porous NaTi 2(PO 4) 3 nanocubes: A high-rate nonaqueous sodium anode material with more than 10,000 cycle life. 2015, 3: 18718-18726.10.1039/C5TA04491J ↗
95. G Plečkaitytė. Understanding and mitigation of NaTi 2(PO 4) 3 degradation in aqueous Na-ion batteries. 2021, 9: 12670-12683.10.1039/D1TA01215K ↗
96. Y Bai. Honeycomb-like superstructure of 3D sodiophilic host for anode-free sodium batteries. 2025, 74: 103926.10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103926 ↗
97. Z Jiang. Superior lithium storage performance of hierarchical N-doped carbon encapsulated NaTi 2(PO 4) 3 microflower. 2020, 46: 1954-1961.10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.174 ↗
98. XH Liu. Unlocking enhanced capacitive deionization of NaTi 2(PO 4) 3/carbon materials by the yolk–shell design. 2023, 145: 9242-9253.10.1021/jacs.3c01755 ↗
99. PY Yen. Optimization of sintering process on Li 1+ x Al x Ti 2− x (PO 4) 3 solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. 2020, 46: 20529-20536.10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.05.162 ↗
100. C Peng. Thin-film NASICON-type Li 1+ x Al x Ti 2− x (PO 4) 3 solid electrolyte directly fabricated on a graphite substrate with a hydrothermal method based on different Al sources. 2019, 7: 10751-10762.10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01435 ↗