Noise-assisted ultracompact full-Stokes polarimetry

Conventional full-Stokes polarimetry generally requires at least four linearly independent measurement channels, which imposes substantial constraints on device miniaturization. To overcome this limitation, we propose an ultracompact full-Stokes polarimetry scheme, in which the photocurrent and the noise are jointly exploited as complementary polarimetric measurement channels. Using two P-N-P dual-junction sensing elements, the proposed scheme achieves four independent measurement channels with only two sensing elements. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme can reconstruct the input Stokes vector with a mean Euclidean error (MEE) of 0.121 under representative operating conditions. These results suggest that noise can serve as an additional measurement channel for full-Stokes detection, thereby providing a new route toward compact and efficient full-Stokes polarimetry with potential applications in quantum information, free-space optical communication, and remote sensing.