journal article·2026-04-09Open access

Anisotropic multi-Q order in CoxTaS2

Jonathon Kruppe, Josue Rodriguez, Catherine Xu, James Analytis, Joseph Orenstein, Veronika Sunko

npj Quantum Materials· Volume 11· Issue 1

Abstract

Abstract The cobalt-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide Co x TaS 2 hosts a rich landscape of magnetic phases that depend sensitively on x . While the stoichiometric compound with x = 1/3 exhibits a single magnetic transition, samples with x ≤0.325 display two transitions with an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) emerging in the lower temperature phase. Here, we resolve the spin structure in each phase by employing a suite of magneto-optical probes that include the discovery of anomalous magneto-birefringence: a spontaneous time-reversal sensitive rotation of the principal optic axes. A symmetry-based analysis identifies the AHE-active phase as an anisotropic (2+1) Q state, in which magnetic modulation at one wavevector ( Q ) differs in symmetry from that at the remaining two. The (2+1) Q state naturally exhibits scalar spin chirality as a mechanism for the AHE and expands the classification of multi-Q magnetic phases.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Crystal Structures and Properties · X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography · Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (58)

Show source-provided references
1. Jungwirth, T., Marti, X., Wadley, P. & Wunderlich, J. Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 231–241 (2016).10.1038/nnano.2016.18 ↗
2. Baltz, V. et al. Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015005 (2018).10.1103/RevModPhys.90.015005 ↗
3. Wadley, P. et al. Electrical switching of an antiferromagnet. Science 351, 587–590 (2016).10.1126/science.aab1031 ↗
4. Nair, N. L. et al. Electrical switching in a magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide. Nat. Mater. 19, 153–157 (2020).10.1038/s41563-019-0518-x ↗
5. Maniv, E. et al. Exchange bias due to coupling between coexisting antiferromagnetic and spin-glass orders. Nat. Phys. 17, 525–530 (2021).10.1038/s41567-020-01123-w ↗
6. Maniv, E. et al. Antiferromagnetic switching driven by the collective dynamics of a coexisting spin glass. Sci. Adv. 7, eabd8452 (2021).10.1126/sciadv.abd8452 ↗
7. Haley, S. C. et al. Long-range, non-local switching of spin textures in a frustrated antiferromagnet. Nat. Commun. 14, 4691 (2023).10.1038/s41467-023-39883-7 ↗
8. Qi, W. et al. Antiferromagnetic spintronics in magnetic memory devices. IEEE Trans. Mater. Electron Devices 1, 23–35 (2024).10.1109/TMAT.2024.3415591 ↗
9. Cheong, S.-W. & Huang, F.-T. Altermagnetism with non-collinear spins. npj Quantum Mater. 9, 1–6 (2024).10.1038/s41535-024-00626-6 ↗
10. Chen, H., Niu, Q. & MacDonald, A. Anomalous Hall effect arising from noncollinear antiferromagnetism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 017205 (2014).10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.017205 ↗
11. Kübler, J. & Felser, C. Non-collinear antiferromagnets and the anomalous Hall effect. Europhys. Lett. 108, 67001 (2014).10.1209/0295-5075/108/67001 ↗
12. Naka, M. et al. Anomalous Hall effect in κ -type organic antiferromagnets. Phys. Rev. B 102, 075112 (2020).10.1103/PhysRevB.102.075112 ↗
13. Liu, H. et al. Intrinsic second-order anomalous Hall effect and its application in compensated antiferromagnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 277202 (2021).10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.277202 ↗
14. Naka, M., Motome, Y. & Seo, H. Anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnetic perovskites. Phys. Rev. B 106, 195149 (2022).10.1103/PhysRevB.106.195149 ↗
15. Nguyen, T. P. T. & Yamauchi, K. Ab initio prediction of anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnetic CaCrO3. Phys. Rev. B 107, 155126 (2023).10.1103/PhysRevB.107.155126 ↗
16. Sato, T., Haddad, S., Fulga, I. C., Assaad, F. F. & Van Den Brink, J. Altermagnetic anomalous Hall effect emerging from electronic correlations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 086503 (2024).10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.086503 ↗
17. Cheong, S.-W. & Huang, F.-T. Emergent phenomena with broken parity-time symmetry: odd-order versus even-order effects. Phys. Rev. B 109, 104413 (2024).10.1103/PhysRevB.109.104413 ↗
18. Cheong, S.-W. & Huang, F.-T. Altermagnetism classification. npj Quantum Mater. 10, 1–6 (2025).10.1038/s41535-025-00756-5 ↗
19. Sürgers, C., Fischer, G., Winkel, P. & Löhneysen, H. V. Large topological Hall effect in the non-collinear phase of an antiferromagnet. Nat. Commun. 5, 3400 (2014).10.1038/ncomms4400 ↗
20. Nakatsuji, S., Kiyohara, N. & Higo, T. Large anomalous Hall effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet at room temperature. Nature 527, 212–215 (2015).10.1038/nature15723 ↗
21. Suzuki, T. et al. Large anomalous Hall effect in a half-Heusler antiferromagnet. Nat. Phys. 12, 1119–1123 (2016).10.1038/nphys3831 ↗
22. Tenasini, G. et al. Giant anomalous Hall effect in quasi-two-dimensional layered antiferromagnet Co1/3NbS2. Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 023051 (2020).10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023051 ↗
23. Nayak, A. K. et al. Large anomalous Hall effect driven by a nonvanishing Berry curvature in the noncolinear antiferromagnet Mn3Ge. Sci. Adv. 2, e1501870 (2016).10.1126/sciadv.1501870 ↗
24. Šmejkal, L., MacDonald, A. H., Sinova, J., Nakatsuji, S. & Jungwirth, T. Anomalous Hall antiferromagnets. Nat. Rev. Mater. 7, 482–496 (2022).10.1038/s41578-022-00430-3 ↗
25. Wang, H. et al. Anomalous Hall effect and topological Hall effect in the noncollinear antiferromagnet V0.3NbS2. Phys. Rev. B 107, 134436 (2023).10.1103/PhysRevB.107.134436 ↗
26. Park, P. et al. Field-tunable toroidal moment and anomalous Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co1/3TaS2. npj Quantum Mater. 7, 1–7 (2022).10.1038/s41535-022-00449-3 ↗
27. Takagi, H. et al. Spontaneous topological Hall effect induced by non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in intercalated van der Waals materials. Nat. Phys. 19, 961–968 (2023).10.1038/s41567-023-02017-3 ↗
28. Park, P. et al. Tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering and large spontaneous Hall conductivity in the metallic triangular antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2. Nat. Commun. 14, 8346 (2023).10.1038/s41467-023-43853-4 ↗
29. Ray, M. K. et al. Zero-field Hall effect emerging from a non-Fermi liquid in a collinear antiferromagnet V1/3NbS2. Nat. Commun. 16, 3532 (2025).10.1038/s41467-025-58476-0 ↗
30. Mayoh, D. A. et al. Giant topological and planar Hall effect in Cr 1 / 3 NbS 2. Phys. Rev. Res. 4, 013134 (2022).10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.013134 ↗
31. Park, P. et al. Spin dynamics of triple-Q magnetic orderings in a triangular lattice: Implications for multi-Q orderings in general two-dimensional lattices. Phys. Rev. X 15, 031032 (2025).
32. Bae, Y., Valentí, R., Mazin, I. I. & Yan, B. Designing flat bands, localized and itinerant states in TaS2 trilayer heterostructures. npj Quantum Mater. 10, 1–6 (2025).10.1038/s41535-025-00812-0 ↗
33. Yang, R. et al. Septuple XBi2Te4 (X=Ge, Sn, Pb) intercalated MnBi2Te4 for realizing interlayer ferromagnetism and quantum anomalous Hall effect. npj Quantum Mater. 10, 1–9 (2025).10.1038/s41535-024-00723-6 ↗
34. Musfeldt, J. L. et al. Giant tunability of superlattice excitations in chiral Cr1/3TaS2. npj Quantum Mater. 10, 1–7 (2025).10.1038/s41535-025-00734-x ↗
35. Wu, S. et al. Highly tunable magnetic phases in transition-metal dichalcogenide Fe1/3+δNbS2. Phys. Rev. X 12, 021003 (2022).
36. Park, P. et al. Composition dependence of bulk properties in the Co-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide Co1/3TaS2. Phys. Rev. B 109, L060403 (2024).10.1103/PhysRevB.109.L060403 ↗
37. Parkin, S. S. P. & Friend, R. H. 3 d transition-metal intercalates of the niobium and tantalum dichalcogenides. I. Magnetic properties. Philos. Mag. B 41, 65–93 (1980).10.1080/13642818008245370 ↗
38. Taguchi, Y., Oohara, Y., Yoshizawa, H., Nagaosa, N. & Tokura, Y. Spin chirality, Berry phase, and anomalous Hall effect in a frustrated ferromagnet. Science 291, 2573–2576 (2001).10.1126/science.1058161 ↗
39. Verma, N., Addison, Z. & Randeria, M. Unified theory of the anomalous and topological Hall effects with phase-space Berry curvatures. Sci. Adv. 8, eabq2765 (2022).10.1126/sciadv.abq2765 ↗
40. Little, A. et al. Three-state nematicity in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet Fe1/3TaS2. Nat. Mater. 19, 1062–1067 (2020).10.1038/s41563-020-0681-0 ↗
41. Sun, Y. et al. Mapping domain-wall topology in the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi. Phys. Rev. B 104, 235119 (2021).10.1103/PhysRevB.104.235119 ↗
42. Sunko, V. et al. Spin-carrier coupling induced ferromagnetism and giant resistivity peak in EuCd2P2. Phys. Rev. B 107, 144404 (2023).10.1103/PhysRevB.107.144404 ↗
43. Donoway, E. et al. Multimodal approach reveals the symmetry-breaking pathway to the broken helix in EuIn2As2. Phys. Rev. X 14, 031013 (2024).
44. Eremenko, V. V., Kharchenko, N. F., Beliy, L. I. & Tutakina, O. P. Birefringence of the antiferromagnetic crystals linear in a magnetic field. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 15-18, 791–792 (1980).10.1016/0304-8853(80)90764-7 ↗
45. Eremenko, V. V. & Kharchenko, N. F. Magneto-optics of antiferromagnets. Phys. Rep. 155, 379–401 (1987).10.1016/0370-1573(89)90066-5 ↗
46. Kharchenko, N. F. The linear magneto-optic effect as a manifestation of a higher order magnetoelectric effect. Ferroelectrics 162, 173–189 (1994).10.1080/00150199408245103 ↗
47. Gallego, S. V., Etxebarria, J., Elcoro, L., Tasci, E. S. & Perez-Mato, J. M. Automatic calculation of symmetry-adapted tensors in magnetic and non-magnetic materials: a new tool of the Bilbao Crystallographic Server. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 75, 438–447 (2019).10.1107/S2053273319001748 ↗
48. Kim, J. et al. Electrical control of topological 3Q state in intercalated van der Waals antiferromagnet CoxTaS2. Nat. Commun 16, 8943 (2025).10.1038/s41467-025-63991-1 ↗
49. Zyuzin, V. A. Linear magnetoconductivity in magnetic metals. Phys. Rev. B 104, L140407 (2021).10.1103/PhysRevB.104.L140407 ↗
50. Vorobev, D. L. & Zyuzin, V. A. d-wave Hall effect and linear magnetoconductivity in metallic collinear antiferromagnets. Phys. Rev. B 109, L180411 (2024).10.1103/PhysRevB.109.L180411 ↗
51. Sunko, V. et al. Linear magnetoconductivity as a probe of time-reversal symmetry breaking. Phys. Rev. B 112, 134407 (2025).10.1103/33ns-8gwj ↗
52. Parkin, S. S. P., Marseglia, E. A. & Brown, P. J. Magnetic structure of Co1/3 NbS2 and Co1/3 TaS2. J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 16, 2765–2778 (1983).10.1088/0022-3719/16/14/016 ↗
53. Maryasin, V. S. & Zhitomirsky, M. E. Triangular antiferromagnet with nonmagnetic impurities. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 247201 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.247201 ↗
54. Maryasin, V. S. & Zhitomirsky, M. E. Collective impurity effects in the Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnet. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 592, 012112 (2015).10.1088/1742-6596/592/1/012112 ↗
55. Zhitomirsky, M. E., Shenoy, V. B. & Moessner, R. Defect-induced spin textures in magnetic solids. Phys. Rev. B 111, 184414 (2025).10.1103/PhysRevB.111.184414 ↗
56. Kirstein, E. et al. Tunable chiral and nematic states in the triple-Q antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2. Nat. Commun 17, 2212 (2026).10.1038/s41467-026-68843-0 ↗
57. Feng, Z. et al. Nonvolatile nematic order manipulated by strain and magnetic field in a layered antiferromagnet. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.05486 (2025).10.48550/arXiv.2507.05486 ↗
58. Farhang, C. et al. Topological magneto-optical Kerr effect without spin-orbit coupling in spin-compensated antiferromagnet. Nat. Commun 17, 1824 (2026).10.1038/s41467-026-70238-0 ↗