Dislocation-position fluctuations in solid 4He as collective variables in a quantum crystal
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Quantum behavior at mesoscopic length scales is of significant interest, both from a fundamental-physics standpoint, as well as in the context of technological advances. In this light, the description of collective variables comprising large numbers of atoms, but nevertheless displaying non-classical behavior, is a fundamental problem. Here, we show that an effective-Hamiltonian approach for such variables, as has been applied to describe the quantum behavior of coupled qubit/oscillator systems, can also be very useful in understanding intrinsic behavior of quantum materials. We consider lattice dislocations – naturally occurring mesoscopic line defects in crystals – in the prototypical bosonic quantum crystal, solid4He. For this purpose, we map fully atomistic quantum simulations onto effective one-dimensional Hamiltonians in which the collective dislocation-position variables are represented as interacting, massive quantum particles. The results provide quantitative understanding of several experimental observations in solid4He.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics · Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates · Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. Kotler, S. et al. Direct observation of deterministic macroscopic entanglement. Science 372, 622–625 (2021).10.1126/science.abf2998 ↗
2. Berkowitz, R. Macroscopic systems can be controllably entangled and limitlessly measured. Phys. Tod. 74, 16–18 (2021).
3. Ashhab, S. & Nori, F. Qubit-oscillator systems in the ultrastrong-coupling regime and their potential for preparing nonclassical states. Phys. Rev. A 81, 042311 (2010).10.1103/PhysRevA.81.042311 ↗
4. Ball, P. Entangled diamonds vibrate together. Nature (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2011.9532.10.1038/nature.2011.9532 ↗
5. Lee, K. C. et al. Entangling macroscopic diamonds at room temperature. Science 334, 1253–1257 (2011).10.1126/science.1211914 ↗
6. Teufel, J. D. et al. Sideband cooling of micromechanical motion to the quantum ground state. Nature 475, 359–363 (2011).10.1038/nature10261 ↗
7. Hoff, U. B., Kollath-Bönig, J., Neergaard-Nielsen, J. S. & Andersen, U. L. Measurement-induced macroscopic superposition states in cavity optomechanics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 143601 (2016).10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.143601 ↗
8. Sarma, B. & Sarma, A. K. Ground-state cooling of micromechanical oscillators in the unresolved-sideband regime induced by a quantum well. Phys. Rev. A 93, 033845 (2016).10.1103/PhysRevA.93.033845 ↗
9. Ornes, S. News feature: Quantum effects enter the macroworld. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116, 22413–22417 (2019).10.1073/pnas.1917212116 ↗
10. Yu, H. et al. Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO. Nature 583, 43–47 (2020).10.1038/s41586-020-2420-8 ↗
11. Gely, M. & Steele, G. A. A massive squeeze. Nat. Phys. 17, 299–300 (2021).10.1038/s41567-020-01103-0 ↗
12. Ma, X., Viennot, J. J., Kotler, S., Teufel, J. D. & Lehnert, K. W. Non-classical energy squeezing of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator. Nat. Phys. 17, 322–326 (2021).10.1038/s41567-020-01102-1 ↗
13. Kubamoto, E., Aono, Y., Kitajima, K., Maeda, K. & Takeuchi, S. Thermally activated slip deformation between 0.7 and 77 k in high-purity iron single crystals. Philos. Mag. A 39, 717–724 (1979).10.1080/01418617908239302 ↗
14. Takeuchi, S., Hashimoto, T. & Maeda, K. Plastic deformation of bcc metal single crystals at very low temperatures:. Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met. 23, 60–69 (1982).10.2320/matertrans1960.23.60 ↗
15. Caillard, D. On the stress discrepancy at low-temperatures in pure iron. Acta Mater. 62, 267–275 (2014).10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.007 ↗
16. Proville, L., Rodney, D. & Marinica, M.-C. Quantum effect on thermally activated glide of dislocations. Nat. Mater. 11, 845–849 (2012).10.1038/nmat3401 ↗
17. Barvinschi, B., Proville, L. & Rodney, D. Quantum peierls stress of straight and kinked dislocations and effect of non-glide stresses. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 22, 025006 (2014).10.1088/0965-0393/22/2/025006 ↗
18. Landeiro Dos Reis, M., Choudhury, A. & Proville, L. Ubiquity of quantum zero-point fluctuations in dislocation glide. Phys. Rev. B 95, 094103 (2017).10.1103/PhysRevB.95.094103 ↗
19. Freitas, R., Asta, M. & Bulatov, V. V. Quantum effects on dislocation motion from ring-polymer molecular dynamics. npj Comput. Mater. 4, 55 (2018).10.1038/s41524-018-0112-9 ↗
20. Corboz, P., Pollet, L., Prokof’ev, N. V. & Troyer, M. Binding of a 3He impurity to a screw dislocation in solid 4He. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 155302 (2008).10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.155302 ↗
21. Cazorla, C. & Boronat, J. Simulation and understanding of atomic and molecular quantum crystals. Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035003 (2017).10.1103/RevModPhys.89.035003 ↗
22. Sempere, S., Serra, A., Boronat, J. & Cazorla, C. Dislocation structure and mobility in hcp rare-gas solids: Quantum versus classical. Crystals 8, 64 (2018).10.3390/cryst8020064 ↗
23. Beamish, J. & Balibar, S. Mechanical behavior of solid helium: Elasticity, plasticity, and defects. Rev. Mod. Phys. 92, 045002 (2020).10.1103/RevModPhys.92.045002 ↗
24. Balibar, S. Supersolid helium: Stiffer but flowing. Nat. Phys. 5, 534–535 (2009).10.1038/nphys1354 ↗
25. Pessoa, R., Vitiello, S. A. & de Koning, M. Dislocation mobility in a quantum crystal: The case of solid 4He. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 085301 (2010).10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.085301 ↗
26. Haziot, A., Rojas, X., Fefferman, A. D., Beamish, J. R. & Balibar, S. Giant plasticity of a quantum crystal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 035301 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.035301 ↗
27. Fefferman, A. D., Souris, F., Haziot, A., Beamish, J. R. & Balibar, S. Dislocation networks in 4He crystals. Phys. Rev. B 89, 014105 (2014).10.1103/PhysRevB.89.014105 ↗
28. Landinez Borda, E. J., Cai, W. & de Koning, M. Dislocation structure and mobility in hcp 4He. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 045301 (2016).10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.045301 ↗
29. Kuklov, A. B., Pollet, L., Prokof’ev, N. V. & Svistunov, B. V. Supertransport by superclimbing dislocations in 4He: When all dimensions matter. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 255301 (2022).10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.255301 ↗
30. Hirth, J. P. & Lothe, J.Theory of Dislocations (Krieger Publishing Company, 1992), 2 edn.
31. Hull, D. & Bacon, D.Introduction to dislocations (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001).10.1016/B978-075064681-9/50002-X ↗
32. Suzuki, T. Quantum theory of dislocation motion in metals. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64, 2817–2827 (1995).10.1143/JPSJ.64.2817 ↗
33. Suzuki, T. Quantum theory of dislocation motion in crystals. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 2526–2531 (1996).10.1143/JPSJ.65.2526 ↗
34. de Gennes, P.-G. Quantum dynamics of a single dislocation. C. R. Phys. 7, 561–566 (2006).10.1016/j.crhy.2006.06.008 ↗
35. Paalanen, M. A., Bishop, D. J. & Dail, H. W. Dislocation motion in hcp 4He. Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 664–667 (1981).10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.664 ↗
36. Zhou, C. et al. Comment on “giant plasticity of a quantum crystal". Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 119601 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.119601 ↗
37. Haziot, A., Rojas, X., Fefferman, A. D., Beamish, J. R. & Balibar, S. Reply to comment on “giant plasticity of a quantum crystal". Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 119602 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.119602 ↗
38. Day, J. & Beamish, J. Low-temperature shear modulus changes in solid 4he and connection to supersolidity. Nature 450, 853–856 (2007).10.1038/nature06383 ↗
39. Iwasa, I. & Kojima, H. Nonlinear and hysteretic ultrasound propagation in solid 4He: Dynamics of dislocation lines and pinning impurities. Phys. Rev. B 102, 214101 (2020).10.1103/PhysRevB.102.214101 ↗
40. Cai, W., Bulatov, V. V., Chang, J., Li, J. & Yip, S. Periodic image effects in dislocation modelling. Philos. Mag. 83, 539–567 (2003).10.1080/0141861021000051109 ↗
41. Pollet, L. et al. Local stress and superfluid properties of solid 4He. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 097202 (2008).10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.097202 ↗
42. Feynman, R.Statistical Mechanics: A Set Of Lectures (Westview Press, 1998).
43. Feynman, R. P., Hibbs, A. R. & Styer, D. F.Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals (Dover Publications, 2010).
44. Gillan, M. J. The path-integral simulation of quantum systems. In Catlow, R., Parker, S. C. & Allen, M. P. (eds.) Computer Modelling of Fluids Polymers and Solids, 155 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989).10.1007/978-94-009-2484-0_6 ↗
45. Syshchenko, O., Day, J. & Beamish, J. Elastic properties of solid helium. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21, 164204 (2009).
46. Kang, E. S. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. C. & Kim, E. Stress- and temperature-dependent hysteresis of the shear modulus of solid helium. Phys. Rev. B 87, 094512 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevB.87.094512 ↗
47. Haziot, A., Fefferman, A. D., Beamish, J. R. & Balibar, S. Dislocation densities and lengths in solid 4He from elasticity measurements. Phys. Rev. B 87, 060509 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevB.87.060509 ↗
48. Iwasa, I. & Suzuki, H. Sound velocity and attenuation in hcp 4he crystals containing 3he impurities. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 49, 1722–1730 (1980).10.1143/JPSJ.49.1722 ↗
49. Cottrell, A. H. & Bilby, B. A. Dislocation theory of yielding and strain ageing of iron. Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond., Sect. A 62, 49–62 (1949).10.1088/0370-1298/62/1/308 ↗
50. Gladman, T. Precipitation hardening in metals. Mater. Sci. Technol. 15, 30–36 (1999).10.1179/026708399773002782 ↗
51. Cheng, Z. G. & Beamish, J. Shear modulus and dislocation effects in bcc 3He. J. Low. Temp. Phys. 205, 263–278 (2021).10.1007/s10909-021-02635-2 ↗
52. Ceperley, D. M. Path integrals in the theory of condensed Helium. Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 279–335 (1995).10.1103/RevModPhys.67.279 ↗
53. Krauth, W. Statistical Mechanics: Algorithms and Computations. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006).10.1093/oso/9780198515357.001.0001 ↗
54. Clark, B. K. & Ceperley, D. M. Path integral calculations of vacancies in solid helium. Comput. Phys. Commun. 179, 82–88 (2008).10.1016/j.cpc.2008.01.049 ↗
55. Aziz, R. A., Janzen, A. R. & Moldover, M. R. Ab initio calculations for Helium: a standard for transport property measurements. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1586–1589 (1995).10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1586 ↗
56. Faken, D. & Jónsson, H. Systematic analysis of local atomic structure combined with 3d computer graphics. Comput. Mater. Sci. 2, 279–286 (1994).10.1016/0927-0256(94)90109-0 ↗