Tracking the evolution of intergranular corrosion through twin-related domains in grain boundary networks
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Tailoring the grain boundary network is desired to improve grain boundary-dependent phenomena such as intergranular corrosion. An important grain boundary network descriptor in heavily twinned microstructures is the twin-related domain, a cluster of twin-related grains. We indicate the advantages of using twin-related domains and subsequent statistics to provide new insight into how a grain boundary networks respond to intergranular corrosion in a heavily twinned grain boundary engineered 316L stainless steel. The results highlight that intergranular corrosion is typically arrested inside twin-related domains at coherent twins or low-angle grain boundaries. Isolated scenarios exist, however, where intergranular corrosion propagation persists in the grain boundary network through higher-order twin-related boundaries.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (60)
Show source-provided references
1. Hall, E. L. & Briant, C. L. Chromium depletion in the vicinity of carbides in sensitized austenitic stainless steels. Metall. Trans. A 15, 793–811 (1984).10.1007/BF02644554 ↗
2. Pande, C. S., Suenaga, M., Vyas, B., Isaacs, H. S. & Harling, D. F. Direct evidence of chromium depletion near the grain boundaries in sensitized stainless steels. Scr. Metall. 11, 681–684 (1977).10.1016/0036-9748(77)90138-7 ↗
3. Chen, A. Y. et al. Improving the intergranular corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel by high density twinned structure. Scr. Mater. 130, 264–268 (2017).10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.11.032 ↗
4. Randle, V. Twinning-related grain boundary engineering. Acta Mater. 52, 4067–4081 (2004).10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.031 ↗
5. Hu, C. et al. Improving the intergranular corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel by grain boundary network control. Corros. Sci. 53, 1880–1886 (2011).10.1016/j.corsci.2011.02.005 ↗
6. Michiuchi, M., Kokawa, H., Wang, Z. J., Sato, Y. S. & Sakai, K. Twin-induced grain boundary engineering for 316 austenitic stainless steel. Acta Mater. 54, 5179–5184 (2006).10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.030 ↗
7. Schuh, C. A., Kumar, M. & King, W. E. Analysis of grain boundary networks and their evolution during grain boundary engineering. Acta Mater. 51, 687–700 (2003).10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00447-0 ↗
8. Kumar, M., Schwartz, A. J. & King, W. E. Microstructural evolution during grain boundary engineering of low to medium stacking fault energy fcc materials. Acta Mater. 50, 2599–2612 (2002).10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00090-3 ↗
9. Randle, V., Rohrer, G. S., Miller, H. M., Coleman, M. & Owen, G. T. Five-parameter grain boundary distribution of commercially grain boundary engineered nickel and copper. Acta Mater. 56, 2363–2373 (2008).10.1016/j.actamat.2008.01.039 ↗
10. Shi, F. et al. Improving intergranular corrosion resistance in a nickel-free and manganese-bearing high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel through grain boundary character distribution optimization. Corros. Sci. 107, 49–59 (2016).10.1016/j.corsci.2016.02.019 ↗
11. Gertsman, V. Y. & Bruemmer, S. M. Study of grain boundary character along intergranular stress corrosion crack paths in austenitic alloys. Acta Mater. 49, 1589–1598 (2001).10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00064-7 ↗
12. Telang, A. et al. Iterative thermomechanical processing of alloy 600 for improved resistance to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. Acta Mater. 113, 180–193 (2016).10.1016/j.actamat.2016.05.009 ↗
13. Tsurekawa, S., Nakamichi, S. & Watanabe, T. Correlation of grain boundary connectivity with grain boundary character distribution in austenitic stainless steel. Acta Mater. 54, 3617–3626 (2006).10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.048 ↗
14. Shimada, M., Kokawa, H., Wang, Z., Sato, Y. & Karibe, I. Optimization of grain boundary character distribution for intergranular corrosion resistant 304 stainless steel by twin-induced grain boundary engineering. Acta Mater. 50, 2331–2341 (2002).10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00064-2 ↗
15. Bechtle, S., Kumar, M., Somerday, B. P., Launey, M. E. & Ritchie, R. O. Grain-boundary engineering markedly reduces susceptibility to intergranular hydrogen embrittlement in metallic materials. Acta Mater. 57, 4148–4157 (2009).10.1016/j.actamat.2009.05.012 ↗
16. Schlegel, S. M., Hopkins, S. & Frary, M. Effect of grain boundary engineering on microstructural stability during annealing. Scr. Mater. 61, 88–91 (2009).10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.03.013 ↗
17. Homer, E. R., Patala, S. & Priedeman, J. L. Grain boundary plane orientation fundamental zones and structure-property relationships. Sci. Rep. 5, 15476 (2015).10.1038/srep15476 ↗
18. Lind, J., Li, S. F. & Kumar, M. Twin related domains in 3D microstructures of conventionally processed and grain boundary engineered materials. Acta Mater. 114, 43–53 (2016).10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.002 ↗
19. Bober, D. B., Lind, J., Mulay, R. P., Rupert, T. J. & Kumar, M. The formation and characterization of large twin related domains. Acta Mater. 129, 500–509 (2017).10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.051 ↗
20. Mason, J. K. et al. Statistics of twin-related domains and the grain boundary network. Acta Mater. 61, 6524–6532 (2013).10.1016/j.actamat.2013.07.031 ↗
21. Irukuvarghula, S. et al. Acta materialia evolution of grain boundary network topology in 316L austenitic stainless steel during powder hot isostatic pressing. Acta Mater. 133, 269–281 (2017).10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.068 ↗
22. Leff, A., Nye, A., Barr, C. M. & Taheri, M. L. Direct observation of recrystallization mechanisms during annealing of Cu in low and high strain conditions. Scr. Mater. 146, 308–311 (2018).10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.12.011 ↗
23. Barr, C. M., Leff, A. C., Demott, R. W., Doherty, R. D. & Taheri, M. L. Unraveling the origin of twin related domains and grain boundary evolution during grain boundary engineering. Acta Mater. 144, 281–291 (2018).10.1016/j.actamat.2017.10.007 ↗
24. Gertsman, V. Y. & Henager, C. H. Grain boundary junctions in microstructure generated by multiple twinning. Interface Sci. 11, 403–415 (2003).10.1023/A:1026191810431 ↗
25. Fang, X., Zhang, K., Guo, H., Wang, W. & Zhou, B. Twin-induced grain boundary engineering in 304 stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 487, 7–13 (2008).10.1016/j.msea.2007.09.075 ↗
26. Xia, S. & Zhou, B. & Chen, W. Grain cluster microstructure and grain boundary character distribution in alloy 690. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 40, 3016–3030 (2009).10.1007/s11661-009-0035-7 ↗
27. Reed, B. W. & Kumar, M. Mathematical methods for analyzing highly-twinned grain boundary networks. Scr. Mater. 54, 1029–1033 (2006).10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.045 ↗
28. Cayron, C. Quantification of multiple twinning in face centred cubic materials. Acta Mater. 59, 252–262 (2011).10.1016/j.actamat.2010.09.029 ↗
29. Reed, B. W., Kumar, M., Minich, R. W. & Rudd, R. E. Fracture roughness scaling and its correlation with grain boundary network structure. Acta Mater. 56, 3278–3289 (2008).10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.019 ↗
30. Srinivasan, N. et al. Near boundary gradient zone and sensitization control in austenitic stainless steel. Corros. Sci. 100, 544–555 (2015).10.1016/j.corsci.2015.08.027 ↗
31. Rahimi, S., Engelberg, D. L. & Marrow, T. J. A new approach for DL-EPR testing of thermo-mechanically processed austenitic stainless steel. Corros. Sci. 53, 4213–4222 (2011).10.1016/j.corsci.2011.08.033 ↗
32. Aydogdu, G. H. & Aydinol, M. K. Determination of susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and electrochemical reactivation behaviour of AISI 316L type stainless steel. Corros. Sciecne 48, 3565–3583 (2006).10.1016/j.corsci.2006.01.003 ↗
33. Momeni, M., Hadi, M. & Davoodi, A. Tuning DOS measuring parameters based on double-loop EPR in H 2 SO 4 containing KSCN by Taguchi method. Corros. Sci. 52, 2653–2660 (2010).10.1016/j.corsci.2010.04.015 ↗
34. Randle, V. & Jones, R. Grain boundary plane distributions and single-step versus multiple-step grain boundary engineering. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 524, 134–142 (2009).10.1016/j.msea.2009.06.018 ↗
35. Jones, R. & Randle, V. Sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered austenitic stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 4275–4280 (2010).10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.058 ↗
36. Gottstein, G. Annealing texture development by multiple twinning in F.C.C. crystals. Acta Metall. 32, 1117–1138 (1984).10.1016/0001-6160(84)90015-4 ↗
37. Xia, S., Li, H., Liu, T. G. & Zhou, B. X. Appling grain boundary engineering to Alloy 690 tube for enhancing intergranular corrosion resistance. J. Nucl. Mater. 416, 303–310 (2011).10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.017 ↗
38. Kobayashi, S., Kobayashi, R. & Watanabe, T. Control of grain boundary connectivity based on fractal analysis for improvement of intergranular corrosion resistance in SUS316L austenitic stainless steel. Acta Mater. 102, 397–405 (2016).10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.075 ↗
39. Wasnik, D. N., Kain, V., Samajdar, I., Verlinden, B. & De, P. K. Resistance to sensitization and intergranular corrosion through extreme randomization of grain boundaries. Acta Mater. 50, 4587–4601 (2002).10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00306-3 ↗
40. Parvathavarthini, N. et al. Sensitization control in AISI 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel: defining the role of the nature of grain boundary. Corros. Sci. 51, 2144–2150 (2009).10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.045 ↗
41. Olmsted, D. L., Foiles, S. M. & Holm, E. A. Survey of computed grain boundary properties in face-centered cubic metals: I. Grain boundary energy. Acta Mater. 57, 3694–3703 (2009).10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.007 ↗
42. Tschopp, M. A. & Mcdowell, D. L. Asymmetric tilt grain boundary structure and energy in copper and aluminium. Philos. Mag. 87, 3871–3892 (2007).10.1080/14786430701455321 ↗
43. Tschopp, M. A. et al. Probing grain boundary sink strength at the nanoscale: energetics and length scales of vacancy and interstitial absorption by grain boundaries in α-Fe. Phys. Rev. B 85, 1–21 (2012).10.1103/PhysRevB.85.064108 ↗
44. Brown, J. & Ghoniem, N. Structure and motion of junctions between coherent and incoherent twin boundaries in copper. Acta Mater. 57, 4454–4462 (2009).10.1016/j.actamat.2009.06.009 ↗
45. Wolf, D. Structure-energy correlation for grain boundaries in F.C.C. metals—III. Symmetrical tilt boundaries. Acta Met. Mater. 38, 781–790 (1990).10.1016/0956-7151(90)90030-K ↗
46. Barr, C. M. et al. Anisotropic radiation induced segregation in 316L austenitic stainless steel with grain boundary character. Acta Mater. 67, 145–155 (2014).10.1016/j.actamat.2013.11.060 ↗
47. Ratanaphan, S. et al. Grain boundary energies in body-centered cubic metals. Acta Mater. 88, 346–354 (2015).10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.069 ↗
48. Bulatov, V. V., Reed, B. W. & Kumar, M. Grain boundary energy function for fcc metals. Acta Mater. 65, 161–175 (2014).10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.057 ↗
49. Li, H., Xia, S., Liu, W., Liu, T. & Zhou, B. Atomic scale study of grain boundary segregation before carbide nucleation in Ni-Cr-Fe alloys. J. Nucl. Mater. 439, 57–64 (2013).10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.03.067 ↗
50. Laws, M. S. & Goodhew, P. Grain boundary structure and chromium segregation in a 316 stainless steel. Acta Metall. Mater. 39, 1525–1533 (1991).10.1016/0956-7151(91)90238-V ↗
51. Trillo, E. A. & Murr, L. E. A TEM investigation of M23C6 carbide precipitation behaviour on varying grain boundary misorientations in 304 stainless steels. J. Mater. Res. 33, 1263–1271 (1998).
52. Trillo, E. A. & Murr, L. E. Effects of carbon content, deformation, and interfacial energetics on carbide precipitation and corrosion sensitization in 304 stainless steel. Acta Mater. 47, 235–245 (1999).10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00322-X ↗
53. Li, H. Twinning structure of M23C6 carbide precipitated at twin-related grain boundaries in Alloy 600. Philos. Mag. 96, 551–559 (2016).10.1080/14786435.2016.1143127 ↗
54. Stratulat, A., Duff, J. A. & Marrow, T. J. Grain boundary structure and intergranular stress corrosion crack initiation in high temperature water of a thermally sensitised austenitic stainless steel, observed in situ. Corros. Sci. 85, 428–435 (2014).10.1016/j.corsci.2014.04.050 ↗
55. Liu, T. et al. The topology of three-dimensional grain boundary network and its influence on stress corrosion crack propagation characteristics in austenitic stainless steel in a simulated BWR environment. Corros. Sci. 129, 161–168 (2017).10.1016/j.corsci.2017.10.003 ↗
56. Brandon, D. E. The structure of high-angle grain boundaries. Acta Metall. 14, 1479–1484 (1966).10.1016/0001-6160(66)90168-4 ↗
57. Rohrer, G. S., Randle, V., Kim, C.-S. & Hu, Y. Changes in the five-parameter grain boundary character distribution in α-brass brought about by iterative thermomechanical processing. Acta Mater. 54, 4489–4502 (2006).10.1016/j.actamat.2006.05.035 ↗
58. Wright, S. I. & Larsen, R. J. Extracting twins from orientation imaging microscopy scan data. J. Microsc. 205, 245–252 (2002).10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.00992.x ↗
59. ASTM. ASTM A262-13 standard practices for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in austenitic stainless steel. ASTM International (ASTM International, 2013).
60. Williams, D. B. & Carter, C. B. Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science. (Springer).