Evaluating dealloying as a precursor to stress corrosion cracking: a micro-mechanical testing approach
Source abstract
Abstract
Dealloying (selective dissolution) results in the formation of a (nano)porous film which has been proposed to act as a precursor to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) by a cleavage mechanism. The geometry of this film (e.g., ligament size and thickness) influences its ability to act as a precursor. This study investigates the micro-scale mechanical response of a dealloyed layer formed on Alloy 800 when exposed to boiling 50 wt% NaOH solution. Post-exposure in-SEM tensile and micro-cantilever bending tests were conducted on porous films of different geometries, formed after 2, 18 and 24 h of exposure. Results indicate that a porous dealloyed layer is more brittle compared to the base material and SCC can be induced, even with the corrosive environment removed. Increasing the time of exposure coarsened ligaments resulting in increased ductility of the porous film. In contrast, increasing the strain rate resulted in the porous film shifting towards brittle failure.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanoporous metals and alloys · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. Newman, R. C. In Shreir’s corrosion, 2 (eds, Cottis, B. et al.) 864–901 (Elsevier, 2010).10.1016/B978-044452787-5.00035-4 ↗
2. McCafferty, E. Introduction to corrosion science (Springer, 2010).10.1007/978-1-4419-0455-3 ↗
3. Staehle, R. W. In Stress corrosion cracking of nickel based alloys in water-cooled nuclear reactors (eds, Féron, D. & Staehle, R. W.) Ch. 1, 3–131 (Woodhead Publishing, 2016).10.1016/B978-0-08-100049-6.00001-X ↗
4. Persaud, S., Smith, J. & Newman, R. Nanoscale precursor sites and their importance in the prediction of SCC failure. Corrosion 75, 228–239 (2019).10.5006/2928 ↗
5. Sieradzki, K. & Newman, R. C. Stress-corrosion cracking. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 48, 1101–1113 (1987).10.1016/0022-3697(87)90120-X ↗
6. Christman, T. K. Relationships between pitting, stress, and stress corrosion cracking of line pipe steels. Corrosion 46, 450–453 (1990).10.5006/1.3585131 ↗
7. Gu, B. et al. Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on the corrosion resistance of laser-cladded CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 489, 131102 (2024).10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131102 ↗
8. Dugdale, H., Armstrong, D. E. J., Tarleton, E., Roberts, S. G. & Lozano-Perez, S. How oxidized grain boundaries fail. Acta Mater.61, 4707–4713 (2013).10.1016/j.actamat.2013.05.012 ↗
9. Sieradzki, K. & Newman, R. C. Brittle behavior of ductile metals during stress-corrosion cracking. Philos. Mag. A 51, 95–132 (1985).10.1080/01418618508245272 ↗
10. Badwe, N. et al. Decoupling the role of stress and corrosion in the intergranular cracking of noble-metal alloys. Nat. Mater. 17, 887–893 (2018).10.1038/s41563-018-0162-x ↗
11. Sieradzki, K., Kim, J. S., Cole, A. T. & Newman, R. C. The relationship between dealloying and transgranular stress-corrosion cracking of Cu-Zn and Cu-Al alloys. J. Electrochem. Soc. 134, 1635–1639 (1987).10.1149/1.2100726 ↗
12. Gholamzadeh, H. et al. A mechanistic study on dealloying-induced stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 800 in boiling caustic solutions. Corros. Sci. 220, 111284 (2023).10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111284 ↗
13. Bryk, M. A., Artymowica, D., Carcea, A. G. & Newman, R. C. in Nuclear in the 21st Century: global directions and Canada’s role-36th annual CNS conference and 40th CNS/CNA student conference (Canadian Nuclear Society, 2016).
14. Mazzei, G. B., Burke, M. G., Horner, D. A. & Scenini, F. Advanced microstructural characterization of transgranular Pb-caustic SCC in alloy 690TT. Corros. Sci. 205, 110461 (2022).10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110461 ↗
15. Chen, X., Karasz, E., Badwe, N. & Sieradzki, K. Dynamic fracture and dealloying induced stress-corrosion cracking. Corros. Sci. 187, 109503 (2021).10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109503 ↗
16. Newman, R. C. in Shreir’s corrosion, 2 (eds Cottis, B. et al.) 801–809 (Elsevier, 2010).10.1016/B978-044452787-5.00031-7 ↗
17. Lu, H., Gao, K. & Chu, W. Determination of tensile stress induced by dezincification layer during corrosion for brass. Corros. Sci. 40, 1663–1670 (1998).10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00063-8 ↗
18. Li, Q. K., Zhang, Y., Shi, S. Q. & Chu, W. Y. Molecular dynamics simulation of dealloyed layer-enhanced dislocation emission and crack propagation. Mater. Lett. 56, 927–932 (2002).10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00639-0 ↗
19. Badwe, N., Chen, X. & Sieradzki, K. Mechanical properties of nanoporous gold in tension. Acta Mater.129, 251–258 (2017).10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.040 ↗
20. Li, R. & Sieradzki, K. Ductile-brittle transition in random porous Au. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1168–1171 (1992).10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1168 ↗
21. Biener, J. et al. Size effects on the mechanical behavior of nanoporous Au. Nano Lett. 6, 2379–2382 (2006).10.1021/nl061978i ↗
22. He, L., Hadi, M., Liu, H. & Abdolrahim, N. Mechanism of coarsening and deformation behavior of nanoporous Cu with varying relative density. J. Mater. Res. 35, 2620–2628 (2020).10.1557/jmr.2020.68 ↗
23. Gianola, D. S. et al. Advances and opportunities in high-throughput small-scale mechanical testing. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 27, 101090 (2023).10.1016/j.cossms.2023.101090 ↗
24. Jayaram, V. Small-scale mechanical testing. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 52, 473–523 (2022).10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-123640 ↗
25. Hosemann, P. Small-scale mechanical testing on nuclear materials: bridging the experimental length-scale gap. Scr. Mater.143, 161–168 (2018).10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.04.026 ↗
26. Prasitthipayong, A. et al. Micro mechanical testing of candidate structural alloys for Gen-IV nuclear reactors. Nucl. Mater. Energy 16, 34–45 (2018).10.1016/j.nme.2018.05.018 ↗
27. Dohr, J., Armstrong, D. E. J., Tarleton, E., Couvant, T. & Lozano-Perez, S. The influence of surface oxides on the mechanical response of oxidized grain boundaries. Thin Solid Films 632, 17–22 (2017).10.1016/j.tsf.2017.03.060 ↗
28. Persaud, S. Y., Smith, J. M., Langelier, B., Capell, B. & Wright, M. D. An Atom Probe Tomography Study of Pb-Caustic SCC in Alloy 800. Corros. Sci. 140, 159–167 (2018).10.1016/j.corsci.2018.06.005 ↗
29. Persaud, S. Y. et al. High resolution characterization of Pb-SCC in alloy 800 exposed to 330 °C mildly caustic environments. Corros. Sci. 140, 333–348 (2018).10.1016/j.corsci.2018.05.031 ↗
30. Gholamzadeh, H., Alsekhan, B., Shaik, A., Daub, K. & Persaud, S. The effect of alloy composition on the dealloying of Ni- and Fe-based engineering alloys in boiling caustic solutions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 169, 081508 (2022).10.1149/1945-7111/ac862c ↗
31. Gholamzadeh, H., Topping, M., Daub, K. & Persaud, S. Y. Characterization of dealloying and associated stress corrosion cracking: the effect of crystallographic orientation. Acta Mater.260, 119278 (2023).10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119278 ↗
32. Pia, G. & Delogu, F. Coarsening of nanoporous Au: relationship between structure and mechanical properties. Acta Mater.99, 29–38 (2015).10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.074 ↗
33. Chen-Wiegart, Y. -cK. et al. Structural evolution of nanoporous gold during thermal coarsening. Acta Mater. 60, 4972–4981 (2012).10.1016/j.actamat.2012.05.012 ↗
34. Di Maio, D. & Roberts, S. G. Measuring fracture toughness of coatings using focused-ion-beam-machined microbeams. J. Mater. Res. 20, 299–302 (2005).10.1557/JMR.2005.0048 ↗
35. Yamaguchi, H. et al. Dislocation-controlled microscopic mechanical phenomena in single crystal silicon under bending stress at room temperature. J. Mater. Sci. 55, 7359–7372 (2020).10.1007/s10853-020-04528-3 ↗
36. Pickering, H. W. Characteristic features of alloy polarization curves. Corros. Sci. 23, 1107–1120 (1983).10.1016/0010-938X(83)90092-6 ↗
37. Erlebacher, J. An atomistic description of dealloying. J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, C614 (2004).10.1149/1.1784820 ↗
38. Mousavi, R., Duan, X., Kozluk, M., Wang, M. & Shi, Y. Fitness-for-Service Assessment of Steam Generator Tubing Subjectto Dealloying Degradation. Proceedings of the ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. Volume 1A: Codesand Standards. Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA. July 16–20. V01AT01A003. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2017-66201 (2017).10.1115/PVP2017-66201 ↗
39. Rotel, M., Tamir, S. & Letai, P. Dezincification of bronze pump impellers. Corros. Rev. 19, 493–502 (2001).10.1515/CORRREV.2001.19.5-6.493 ↗
40. Ghaznavi, T., Bryk, M. A., Persaud, S. Y. & Newman, R. C. Alloying effects in high temperature molten salt corrosion. Corros. Sci. 197, 110003 (2022).10.1016/j.corsci.2021.110003 ↗
41. Ghaznavi, T., Persaud, S. Y. & Newman, R. C. The effect of temperature on dealloying mechanisms in molten salt corrosion. J. Electrochem. Soc. 169, 111506 (2022).10.1149/1945-7111/aca07e ↗
42. Yu, L.-C. et al. Evolution of micro-pores in Ni–Cr alloys via molten salt dealloying. Sci. Rep. 12, 20785 (2022).10.1038/s41598-022-20286-5 ↗
43. AlMousa, N., Zhou, W., Woller, K. B. & Short, M. P. Effects of simultaneous proton irradiation on the corrosion of commercial alloys in molten fluoride salt. Corros. Sci. 217, 111154 (2023).10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111154 ↗
44. Nanstad, R. K., McClintock, D. A., Hoelzer, D. T., Tan, L. & Allen, T. R. High temperature irradiation effects in selected Generation IV structural alloys. J. Nucl. Mater. 392, 331–340 (2009).10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.03.022 ↗
45. Barnes, A., Senior, N. A. & Newman, R. C. Film-induced cleavage of Ag-Au alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 40, 58–68 (2009).10.1007/s11661-008-9714-z ↗
46. Newman, R. C., Shahrabi, T. & Sieradzki, K. Film-induced cleavage of alpha-brass. Scr. Metall. 23, 71–74 (1989).10.1016/0036-9748(89)90095-1 ↗
47. Huber, N., Viswanath, R. N., Mameka, N., Markmann, J. & Weißmüller, J. Scaling laws of nanoporous metals under uniaxial compression. Acta Mater.67, 252–265 (2014).10.1016/j.actamat.2013.12.003 ↗
48. Thouless, M. D. Crack spacing in brittle films on elastic substrates. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 2144–2146 (1990).10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05290.x ↗
49. Hu, M. S. & Evans, A. G. The cracking and decohesion of thin films on ductile substrates. Acta Metall. 37, 917–925 (1989).10.1016/0001-6160(89)90018-7 ↗
50. Ben Cheikh, I., Parry, G., Dalmas, D., Estevez, R. & Marthelot, J. Analysis of the multi-cracking mechanism of brittle thin films on elastic-plastic substrates. Int. J. Solids Struct. 180-181, 176–188 (2019).10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.07.026 ↗
51. Nahta, R. & Moran, B. Crack spacing in brittle films on dissimilar planar and axisymmetric elastic substrates. Eng. Fract. Mech. 52, 513–524 (1995).10.1016/0013-7944(94)00283-N ↗
52. Li, J., Li, J., Chen, Y., Dai, L. & Chen, L. On the strain rate sensitivity of mechanical properties of nanoporous gold: temperature effect. Mater. Today Commun. 37, 107321 (2023).10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107321 ↗
53. Zhao, J. H. et al. Strain rate effects on the mechanical behavior of porous titanium with different pore sizes. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 821, 141593 (2021).10.1016/j.msea.2021.141593 ↗
54. ASTM-International. ASTM B409 − 06 standard specification for nickel-iron-chromium alloy plate, sheet, and strip (ASTM International, 2016).
55. OxyChem Caustic Soda Handbook (Occidental Chemical Corporation, 2000).
56. Nolze, G. & Hielscher, R. Orientations - perfectly colored. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 49, 1786–1802 (2016).10.1107/S1600576716012942 ↗