journal article·2026-02-26Open access

Complex network analysis of industrial heritage spatial protection and utilization: the Liuzhi mining case

Jinyu Fan, Boyang Zhang, Huayan Yuan

npj Heritage Science· Volume 14· Issue 1

Abstract

Industrial heritage, as an important legacy of technological and social progress, has attracted global academic attention. This study focuses on China’s national-level Liuzhi Parcel Mines Coal Cleaning Plant and applies complex network, space syntax, and void ratio analyses to construct a spatial protection and utilization framework. Results show that the mining complex exhibits uniform spatial distribution but low intelligibility, poor integration with terrain, and a clear core–edge structure. High-centrality nodes cluster in production zones, while residential areas display higher network vulnerability. Historical value, locational advantage, and preservation status significantly influence network relationships. Based on these findings, a comprehensive conservation and utilization system integrating spatial identification, network modeling, influence analysis, protection zoning, and renewal design is proposed, offering methodological and theoretical support for sustainable conservation and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation · Urban Design and Spatial Analysis · Underground infrastructure and sustainability

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. Wang, X. et al. Protection and utilization of industrial heritage under the mode of heritage corridor-take Chongqing’s two rivers and four riversides as an example. J. Civ. Engin. Urban Plan. 4, 31–39 (2022).
2. Lee, K. Building the governance to conserve and utilize industrial heritage in East Asia: the cases of Japan and Taiwan. Adv. Civ. Eng. 2024, 1594078 (2024).10.1155/2024/1594078 ↗
3. Oevermann, H. et al. Participation in the reuse of industrial heritage sites: the case of Oberschöneweide, Berlin. Int. J. Herit. Stud. 22, 43–58 (2016).10.1080/13527258.2015.1083460 ↗
4. Liu, F., Zhao, Q. & Yang, Y. An approach to assess the value of industrial heritage based on Dempster–Shafer theory. J. Cult. Herit. 32, 210–220 (2018).10.1016/j.culher.2018.01.011 ↗
5. Iqbal, N., Akbar, S. H. & Van Cleempoel, K. Identification of industrial heritage and a theoretical framework for an industrial heritage inventory system in Pakistan. Sustainability 14, 5797 (2022).10.3390/su14105797 ↗
6. Lee, H. R. Brief analysis on the experience of activation and utilization of industrial heritage in world cultural heritage. J. Low. Carbon Econ. 8, 1–7 (2019).
7. Zhang, J. et al. Construction of the Chinese route of industrial heritage based on spatial and temporal distribution analysis. Buildings 14, 1065 (2024).10.3390/buildings14041065 ↗
8. Dong, M. H.; Jin G. H. Analysis on the protection and reuse of urban industrial architecture heritage. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 787, 012175.10.1088/1755-1315/787/1/012175 ↗
9. Blagojević, M. R. & Tufegdžić, A. The new technology era requirements and sustainable approach to industrial heritage renewal. Energy Build. 115, 148–153 (2016).10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.07.062 ↗
10. Zheng Lu. Analysis of the Overall Protection Strategy for Historical Urban Areas Based on Spatial Structure Theory. (Jiangnan University, 2012).
11. Li, Q., Zhang, Y. & Chao, W. Research on the indoor thermal environment of industrial architectural heritage based on human thermal comfort—a case study in Hefei (China) during winter. Buildings 15, 62 (2025).10.3390/buildings15010062 ↗
12. Scaffidi, F. Average social and territorial innovation impacts of industrial heritage regeneration. Cities 148, 104907 (2024).10.1016/j.cities.2024.104907 ↗
13. Yang, L. Study on the development model of the combination of “third-tier” industrial heritage and rural tourism under the concept of urban image. Sci. Program. 2022, 2730532 (2022).
14. Szromek, A. R., Herman, K. & Naramski, M. Sustainable development of industrial heritage tourism–a case study of the industrial monuments route in Poland. Tour. Manag. 83, 104252 (2021).10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104252 ↗
15. He, H. Design study on the conservation and reuse of modern industrial building heritage. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 768, 012134 (2021).10.1088/1755-1315/768/1/012134 ↗
16. Çayır, C. (2011). Sanayi mirasının korunarak yeniden işlevlendirilmesi Eskişehir fabrikalar bölgesi çift kurt kiremit ve tuğla fabrikası örneği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen. Bilimleri Enstitüs.ü Derg. 18, 86–104 (2016).
17. Zhou, X., Tang, Y. & Su, J. Heritage corridor routing method from historic urban landscape and digital footprint perspectives—The case of historical urban area in Nanjing, China. Landsc. Architecture Front. 11, 11–37 (2023).10.15302/J-LAF-1-020080 ↗
18. Yao, L. et al. Exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics and simulating heritage corridors for sustainable development of industrial heritage in Foshan City, China. Sustainability 16, 5605 (2024).10.3390/su16135605 ↗
19. Zhang, J., Cenci, J. & Becue, V. A preliminary study on industrial landscape planning and spatial layout in Belgium. Heritage 4, 1375–1387 (2021).10.3390/heritage4030075 ↗
20. Qi, Z. Practical research on green complex with industrial heritage as the core[J]. J. Landsc. Res. 15, 1–7 (2023).
21. Cao, Y. & Yang, A. Spatial syntax analysis on the renewal of the external space of mining heritage buildingsaA case study of Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex. Architectural Eng. Des. Manag. 21, 136–153 (2024).10.1080/17452007.2024.2375377 ↗
22. Smith, J. & Li, W. Ecological remediation strategies for post-industrial landscapes: acase study of Ruhr Valley coal mines. Build. Environ. 228, 102–115 (2023).
23. Fu, Y. & Hou, M. Research on landscape regeneration design of old industrial sites under the concept of sustainable development. Adv. Eng. Technol. Res. 6, 677–677 (2023).10.56028/aetr.6.1.677.2023 ↗
24. Li, Q. & Li, W. Availability evaluation for current status of old industrial area in China: from the perspective of sustainable development. Environ. Technol. Innov. 23, 101743 (2021).10.1016/j.eti.2021.101743 ↗
25. Papanicolaou, S.; Louw, M. Buildings Reimagined: A Dialogue between Old and New; Guangxi Normal University Press: Guilin, China, 2019; p. 214.
26. Chatzi Rodopoulou, T. Control Shift: European Industrial Heritage Reuse in review, Volume 1 and 2. A+BE Archit. Built Environ. 13, 25–36 (2020).
27. Han, S. H. & Zhang, H. Progress and prospects in industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse research during the past five years: Review and outlook. Land 11, 2119 (2022).10.3390/land11122119 ↗
28. Xu, Y. et al. Analysis of three-dimensional space expansion characteristics in old industrial area renewal using GIS and Barista: a case study of Tiexi District, Shenyang, China. Sustainability 11, 1860 (2019).10.3390/su11071860 ↗
29. Liu, Y. & Luo, T. Exploring the Temporal, Spatial and Characteristic Trends and Key Influencing Factors of Tian**’s Industrial Heritage. Sustainability 16, 9267 (2024).10.3390/su16219267 ↗
30. https://www.sohu.com/a/473488993_121123827 .
31. Peponis, J. Space syntax and design. Environ. Plan. B Urban Anal. City Sci. 51, 1073–1078 (2024).10.1177/23998083241246661 ↗
32. Xu, Y. et al. Towards sustainable heritage tourism: a space syntax-based analysis method to improve tourists’ spatial cognition in Chinese historic districts. Buildings 10, 29 (2020).10.3390/buildings10020029 ↗
33. Drobnjaković, M. & Panić, M. Introduction of the approach for reviving the sub-municipal level as a spatial aspect of decentralization in Serbia. Land 13, 752 (2024).10.3390/land13060752 ↗
34. Liu, L. Research on the Spatial Genetic Characteristics of Traditional Ancient Towns in Central Guizhou. (Guizhou University, 2021).
35. Song, J. et al. Research on Adaptive Reuse Strategy of Industrial Heritage Based on the Method of Social Network. Land 13, 383 (2024).10.3390/land13030383 ↗
36. DeCoster J., Claypool H. Data analysis in SPSS. (2004).
37. Wang X. in 2021 2nd International Conference on Urban Engineering and Management Science (ICUEMS). A Study of Healing Landscapes in Urban Parks Based on Questionnaires and SPSS Correlation Analysis: —Take Xiling Lake Park in Wu’an City, Hebei Province as an example., 314-317 (2021)10.1109/ICUEMS52408.2021.00075 ↗
38. Li, T. Study on the spatial morphology of industrial relics of three-line construction in northern Sichuan. (Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2023).
39. Chakraborty, S. & Ji, S. A review of integrating space syntax analysis into heritage impact assessment: a comprehensive framework for sustainable historic urban development. Int. J. Urban Sci. 29, 123–150 (2024).10.1080/12265934.2024.2438190 ↗
40. Weng, C. M. & Wang, Z. Y. Research Situation and prospect of revitalization of third-tier industrial heritage from the perspective of cultural memory theory. Res. Cultural Soft Power 7, 49–63 (2022).
41. Zhang, B. et al. The Changsha historic urban area: a study on the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the connectivity of construction land. Herit. Sci. 12, 287 (2024).10.1186/s40494-024-01401-3 ↗
42. Zhang, B., Fan, J. & Huang, Z. Research on spatial morphological characteristics and influencing factors of industrial heritage: a case study of nine industrial heritages in Guizhou Province[J]. Land 13, 1785 (2024).10.3390/land13111785 ↗
43. Lin, Z. et al. Structural hole theory in social network analysis: a review. IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst. 9, 724–739 (2021).10.1109/TCSS.2021.3070321 ↗
44. Valeri, M. & Baggio, R. Italian tourism intermediaries: a social network analysis exploration. Curr. Issues Tour. 24, 1270–1283 (2024).10.1080/13683500.2020.1777950 ↗
45. Scott J. What is social network analysis? Bloomsbury Publishing. (2012).10.5040/9781849668187 ↗
46. Huang Yong, Shi Yaling. Protection and renewal of historical and cultural towns based on social network analysis: A case study of Biyan Town in Chongqing. Architectural Journal. 86-89 (2017).