journal article·2020-09-15Open access

Ultrasensitive electrolyte-assisted temperature sensor

Mina Shiran Chaharsoughi, Jesper Edberg, Peter Andersson Ersman, Xavier Crispin, Dan Zhao, Magnus P. Jonsson

npj Flexible Electronics· Volume 4· Issue 1

Abstract

Abstract Heat sensors form an important class of devices that are used across multiple fields and sectors. For applications such as electronic skin and health monitoring, it is particularly advantageous if the output electronic signals are not only high, stable, and reproducible, but also self-generated to minimize power consumption. Here, we present an ultrasensitive heat sensing concept that fulfills these criteria while also being compatible with scalable low-cost manufacturing on flexible substrates. The concept resembles a traditional thermocouple, but with separated electrodes bridged by a gel-like electrolyte and with orders of magnitudes higher signals (around 11 mV K−1). The sensor pixels provide stable and reproducible signals upon heating, which, for example, could be used for heat mapping. Further modification to plasmonic nanohole metasurface electrodes made the sensors capable of also detecting light-induced heating. Finally, we present devices on flexible substrates and show that they can be used to detect human touch.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (52)

Show source-provided references
1. Verhage, L., Angenent, G. C. & Immink, R. G. H. Research on floral timing by ambient temperature comes into blossom. Trends Plant Sci. 19, 583–591 (2014).10.1016/j.tplants.2014.03.009 ↗
2. Poff, K. L. Temperature Sensing in Microorganisms. In Sensory Perception and Transduction in Aneural Organisms (eds Colombetti, G., Lenci, F. & Song, P.-S.). 299–307 (Springer US, 1985).10.1007/978-1-4613-2497-3_18 ↗
3. Lister, T., Wright, P. A. & Chappell, P. H. Optical properties of human skin. J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 1–15 (2012).
4. Pogorzala, L. A., Mishra, S. K. & Hoon, M. A. The cellular code for mammalian thermosensation. J. Neurosci. 33, 5533–5541 (2013).10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5788-12.2013 ↗
5. Lee, W. W. et al. A neuro-inspired artificial peripheral nervous system for scalable electronic skins. Sci. Robot. 4, eaax2198–eaax2213 (2019).10.1126/scirobotics.aax2198 ↗
6. Byun, J. et al. Electronic skins for soft, compact, reversible assembly of wirelessly activated fully soft robots. Sci. Robot. 3, eaas9020–eaas9020 (2018).10.1126/scirobotics.aas9020 ↗
7. Hua, Q. et al. Skin-inspired highly stretchable and conformable matrix networks for multifunctional sensing. Nat. Commun. 9, 244–255 (2018).10.1038/s41467-017-02685-9 ↗
8. Chou, H. H. et al. A chameleon-inspired stretchable electronic skin with interactive colour changing controlled by tactile sensing. Nat. Commun. 6, 1–10 (2015).
9. Wang, S., Oh, J. Y., Xu, J., Tran, H. & Bao, Z. Skin-inspired electronics: an emerging paradigm. Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 1033–1045 (2018).10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00015 ↗
10. Gu, Y. et al. Mini review on flexible and wearable electronics for monitoring human health information. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 14, 263–263 (2019).10.1186/s11671-019-3084-x ↗
11. Zhang, Y. et al. Dual-mode electronic skin with integrated tactile sensing and visualized injury warning. ACS Appl. Mater. 9, 37493–37500 (2017).10.1021/acsami.7b13016 ↗
12. Zhang, C. et al. A stretchable dual-mode sensor array for multifunctional robotic electronic skin. Nano Energy 62, 164–170 (2019).10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.046 ↗
13. Zhao, S. & Zhu, R. Electronic skin with multifunction sensors based on thermosensation. Adv. Mater. 29, 1606151–1606151 (2017).10.1002/adma.201606151 ↗
14. Ma, Z. et al. Advanced electronic skin devices for healthcare applications. J. Mater. Chem. B 7, 173–197 (2019).10.1039/C8TB02862A ↗
15. Someya, T. et al. Conformable, flexible, large-area networks of pressure and thermal sensors with organic transistor active matrixes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 12321–12325 (2005).10.1073/pnas.0502392102 ↗
16. Hasan, S. A. et al. ZnO thin film based flexible temperature sensor. In 2017 IEEE Sensors, Glasgow. 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2017.8234387 (IEEE, 2017).10.1109/ICSENS.2017.8234387 ↗
17. García Núñez, C., Manjakkal, L. & Dahiya, R. Energy autonomous electronic skin. npj Flex. Electron. 3, 1–24 (2019).10.1038/s41528-018-0045-x ↗
18. Chortos, A. & Bao, Z. Skin-inspired electronic devices. Mater. Today 17, 321–331 (2014).10.1016/j.mattod.2014.05.006 ↗
19. Lee, M. H., Guo, R. & Bhalla, A. S. Pyroelectric sensors. J. Electroceram. 2, 229–242 (1998).10.1023/A:1009922522642 ↗
20. Whatmore, R. W. & Watton, R. In Infrared Detectors and Emitters: Materials and Devices (eds Capper, P. & Elliott, C. T.) 99–147 (Springer US, 2001).10.1007/978-1-4615-1607-1_5 ↗
21. Shiran Chaharsoughi, M. et al. Hybrid plasmonic and pyroelectric harvesting of light fluctuations. Adv. Opt. Mater. 6, 1701051–1701051 (2018).10.1002/adom.201701051 ↗
22. Gold, H. et al. Flexible single-substrate integrated active-matrix pyroelectric sensor. Phys. Status Solidi (RRL)—Rapid Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201900277 (2019).10.1002/pssr.201900277 ↗
23. Sirusi, A. A. & Ross, J. H. In Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy Webb, Vol. 92 (ed Graham, A. B. T.) 137–198 (Academic Press, 2017).10.1016/bs.arnmr.2017.04.002 ↗
24. Han, N. & Ho, J. C. In Nanocrystalline Materials (ed Tjong, S.-C.) 75–120, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124077966000038 (Elsevier, 2014).10.1016/B978-0-12-407796-6.00003-8 ↗
25. Rao, J. et al. Recent progress in self-powered skin sensors. Sensors 19, 2763–2782 (2019).10.3390/s19122763 ↗
26. Zhao, D. et al. Polymer gels with tunable ionic Seebeck coefficient for ultra-sensitive printed thermopiles. Nat. Commun. 10, 1093–1101 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-08930-7 ↗
27. Costesèque, P., Mojtabi, A. & Platten, J. K. Thermodiffusion phenomena. CR Méc. 339, 275–279 (2011).10.1016/j.crme.2011.03.001 ↗
28. Rahman, M. T. et al. High performance flexible temperature sensors via nanoparticle printing. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2, 3280–3291 (2019).10.1021/acsanm.9b00628 ↗
29. Bajpai, P. In Biermann’s Handbook of Pulp and Paper (ed. Bajpai, P.) 483–492 (Elsevier, 2018).10.1016/B978-0-12-814238-7.00024-6 ↗
30. Zhao, D., Fabiano, S., Berggren, M. & Crispin, X. Ionic thermoelectric gating organic transistors. Nat. Commun. 8, 14214–14214 (2017).10.1038/ncomms14214 ↗
31. Baffou, G. & Quidant, R. Thermo-plasmonics: using metallic nanostructures as nano-sources of heat. Laser Photon. Rev. 7, 171–187 (2013).10.1002/lpor.201200003 ↗
32. Baffou, G., Quidant, R. & Girard, C. Heat generation in plasmonic nanostructures: influence of morphology. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 1–3 (2009).10.1063/1.3116645 ↗
33. Tordera, D., Zhao, D., Volkov, A. V., Crispin, X. & Jonsson, M. P. Thermoplasmonic semitransparent nanohole electrodes. Nano Lett. 17, 3145–3151 (2017).10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00574 ↗
34. Shiran Chaharsoughi, M. et al. Hybrid plasmonic and pyroelectric harvesting of light fluctuations. Adv. Opt. Mater. 6, 1701051–1701058 (2018).10.1002/adom.201701051 ↗
35. Shiran Chaharsoughi, M., Zhao, D., Crispin, X., Fabiano, S. & Jonsson, M. P. Thermodiffusion-assisted pyroelectrics—enabling rapid and stable heat and radiation sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900572 (2019).10.1002/adfm.201900572 ↗
36. Brooke, R. et al. Supercapacitors on demand: all-printed energy storage devices with adaptable design. Flex. Print. Electron. 4, 15006–15006 (2019).10.1088/2058-8585/aafc4f ↗
37. Salam, B., Shan, X. C., Zhanhong, C. & Lok, B. K. Multilayer Roll-to-Roll Screen-Printing for Printed Electronics Applications. In 2018 IEEE 20th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). 359–362. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTC.2018.8654393 (Singapore, Singapore, 2018).10.1109/EPTC.2018.8654393 ↗
38. Carlos Montalvo, K. D., Tommy Höglund, Svensson, Magnus, Maialen & Oribe, R. B. A. M. B. In Policy Assessment Demonstrator ACREO Printed Electronics Arena, 84 (Multi Key Enabling Technologies Pilot Lines, 2014).
39. Lim, H., Lu, W., Chen, X. & Qiao, Y. Effects of ion concentration on thermally chargeable double-layer supercapacitors. Nanotechnology 24, 3–8 (2013).
40. Lim, H. et al. Effects of work function on thermal sensitivity of electrode potential. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 223901–223906 (2015).10.1063/1.4921769 ↗
41. Vincent, C. A. In Modern Batteries (eds Vincent, C. A. & Scrosati, B. B. T.) 18–64 (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997).10.1016/B978-034066278-6/50003-6 ↗
42. Bartkowiakb, G. & Frydrych, I. In Handbook of Medical Textiles (ed Bartels, V. T.) 505–546 (Woodhead Publishing, 2011).10.1533/9780857093691.4.505 ↗
43. Baird, J. A., Olayo-Valles, R., Rinaldi, C. & Taylor, L. S. Effect of molecular weight, temperature, and additives on the moisture sorption properties of polyethylene glycol. J. Pharm. Sci. 99, 154–168 (2010).10.1002/jps.21808 ↗
44. Baboian, R. In ASM Handbook, Volume 13A: Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection (ASM International, 2003).
45. Muzaffar, A., Ahamed, M. B., Deshmukh, K. & Thirumalai, J. A review on recent advances in hybrid supercapacitors: design, fabrication and applications. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 101, 123–145 (2019).10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.026 ↗
46. Webb, R. C. et al. Ultrathin conformal devices for precise and continuous thermal characterization of human skin. Nat. Mater. 12, 1078–1078 (2013).10.1038/nmat3779 ↗
47. Hanarp, P., Sutherland, D., Gold, J. & Kasemo, B. Nanostructured model biomaterial surfaces prepared by colloidal lithography. Nanostruct. Mater. 12, 429–432 (1999).10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00151-8 ↗
48. Kang, E. S. H., Ekinge, H. & Jonsson, M. P. Plasmonic fanoholes: on the gradual transition from suppressed to enhanced optical transmission through nanohole arrays in metal films of increasing film thickness. Opt. Mater. Express 9, 1404–1404 (2019).10.1364/OME.9.001404 ↗
49. Jonsson, M. P., Jönsson, P. & Höök, F. Simultaneous nanoplasmonic and quartz crystal microbalance sensing: analysis of biomolecular conformational changes and quantification of the bound molecular mass. Anal. Chem. 80, 7988–7995 (2008).10.1021/ac8008753 ↗
50. Shiran Chaharsoughi, M., Zhao, D., Crispin, X., Fabiano, S. & Jonsson, M. P. Thermodiffusion-assisted pyroelectrics—enabling rapid and stable heat and radiation sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1900572–1900581 (2019).10.1002/adfm.201900572 ↗
51. Pan, Y. et al. A rapid response thin-film plasmonic-thermoelectric light detector. Sci. Rep. 6, 37564 (2016).10.1038/srep37564 ↗
52. Fredriksson, H. et al. Hole-mask colloidal lithography. Adv. Mater. 19, 4297–4302 (2007).10.1002/adma.200700680 ↗