Flexible organic light-emitting diodes for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Bacterial infection and the growth of antibiotic resistance is a serious problem that leads to patient suffering, death and increased costs of healthcare. To address this problem, we propose using flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as light sources for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to kill bacteria. PDT involves the use of light and a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species that kill neighbouring cells. We have developed flexible top-emitting OLEDs with the ability to tune the emission peak from 669 to 737 nm to match the photosensitizer, together with high irradiance, low driving voltage, long operational lifetime and adequate shelf-life. These features enable OLEDs to be the ideal candidate for ambulatory PDT light sources. A detailed study of OLED–PDT for killing Staphylococcus aureus was performed. The results show that our OLEDs in combination with the photosensitizer methylene blue, can kill more than 99% of bacteria. This indicates a huge potential for using OLEDs to treat bacterial infections.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies · Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics · Biosensors and Analytical Detection
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. Luepke, K. H. et al. Past, present, and future of antibacterial economics: increasing bacterial resistance, limited antibiotic pipeline, and societal implications. Pharmacother. J. Hum. Pharmacol. Drug Ther. 37, 71–84 (2017).10.1002/phar.1868 ↗
2. Laxminarayan, R. et al. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect. Dis. 13, 1057–1098 (2013).10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9 ↗
3. Renwick, M. J., Simpkin, V. & Mossialos, E. Targeting innovation in antibiotic drug discovery and development: the need for a one-health, one-Europe, one-world framwork. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, UK, Health Policy Series No. 45, 1–133, ISBN 9789289050401 (2016).
4. Laxminarayan, R. et al. Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge. Lancet 387, 168–175 (2016).10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00474-2 ↗
5. O’Neill, J. Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, 2016); http://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160525_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf
6. Malik, Z., Ladan, H. & Nitzan, Y. Photodynamic inactivation of gram-negative bacteria: problems and possible solutions. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 14, 262–266 (1992).10.1016/1011-1344(92)85104-3 ↗
7. Maisch, T., Szeimies, R.-M., Jori, G. & Abels, C. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy in dermatology. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 3, 907 (2004).10.1039/b407622b ↗
8. Hamblin, M. R. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: a bright new technique to kill resistant microbes. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 33, 67–73 (2016).10.1016/j.mib.2016.06.008 ↗
9. Wainwright, M. Dyes, flies, and sunny skies: photodynamic therapy and neglected tropical diseases. Color. Technol. 133, 3–14 (2017).10.1111/cote.12259 ↗
10. Tavares, A. et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: Study of bacterial recovery viability and potential development of resistance after treatment. Mar. Drugs 8, 91–105 (2010).10.3390/md8010091 ↗
11. Sperandio, F., Huang, Y.-Y. & Hamblin, M. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to kill gram-negative bacteria. Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov. 8, 108–120 (2013).10.2174/1574891X113089990012 ↗
12. Giuliani, F. et al. In vitro resistance selection studies of RLP068/Cl, a new Zn(II) phthalocyanine suitable for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 637–642 (2010).10.1128/AAC.00603-09 ↗
13. Wilson, B. C. & Patterson, M. S. The physics, biophysics and technology of photodynamic therapy. Phys. Med. Biol. 53, R61–R109 (2008).10.1088/0031-9155/53/9/R01 ↗
14. Moseley, H. et al. Ambulatory photodynamic therapy: a new concept in delivering photodynamic therapy. Br. J. Dermatol. 154, 747–750 (2006).10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07145.x ↗
15. Nammour, S., Zeinoun, T. & Bogaerts, I. Evaluation of dental pulp temperature rise during photo-activated decontamination (PAD) of caries: an in vitro study. Lasers Med. Sci. 25, 651–654 (2010).10.1007/s10103-009-0683-2 ↗
16. White, M. S. et al. Ultrathin, highly flexible and stretchable PLEDs. Nat. Photonics 7, 811–816 (2013).10.1038/nphoton.2013.188 ↗
17. Park, J. W., Shin, D. C. & Park, S. H. Large-area OLED lightings and their applications. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 26, 034002 (2011).10.1088/0268-1242/26/3/034002 ↗
18. Lochner, C. M., Khan, Y., Pierre, A. & Arias, A. C. All-organic optoelectronic sensor for pulse oximetry. Nat. Commun. 5, 1–12 (2014).10.1038/ncomms6745 ↗
19. Chianura, A. & Giardini, M. E. An electrooptical muscle contraction sensor. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 48, 731–734 (2010).10.1007/s11517-010-0626-x ↗
20. Wu, X. et al. Organic light emitting diode improves diabetic cutaneous wound healing in rats. Wound Repair Regen. 23, 104–114 (2015).10.1111/wrr.12258 ↗
21. Koo, J. H. et al. Wearable electrocardiogram monitor using carbon nanotube electronics and color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes. ACS Nano 11, 10032–10041 (2017).10.1021/acsnano.7b04292 ↗
22. Yokota, T. et al. Ultraflexible organic photonic skin. Sci. Adv. 2, 1–9 (2016).10.1126/sciadv.1501856 ↗
23. Jeon, Y. et al. A wearable photobiomodulation patch using a flexible red-wavelength OLED and its in vitro differential cell proliferation effects. Adv. Mater. Technol. 3, 1–10 (2018).
24. Bansal, A. K., Hou, S., Kulyk, O., Bowman, E. M. & Samuel, I. D. W. Wearable organic optoelectronic sensors for medicine. Adv. Mater. 27, 7638–7644 (2015).10.1002/adma.201403560 ↗
25. Attili, S. K. et al. An open pilot study of ambulatory photodynamic therapy using a wearable low-irradiance organic light-emitting diode light source in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br. J. Dermatol. 161, 170–173 (2009).10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09096.x ↗
26. Chen, H. et al. Quantum dot light emitting devices for photomedical applications. J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 25, 177–184 (2017).10.1002/jsid.543 ↗
27. Chen, H. et al. Flexible quantum dot light-emitting devices for targeted photomedical applications. J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 26, 296–303 (2018).10.1002/jsid.650 ↗
28. Hofmann, S., Thomschke, M., Lüssem, B. & Leo, K. Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes. Opt. Express 19, 1250–1264 (2011).10.1364/OE.19.0A1250 ↗
29. Chen, C.-Y. et al. Continuous blade coating for multi-layer large-area organic light-emitting diode and solar cell. J. Appl. Phys. 110, 094501 (2011).10.1063/1.3636398 ↗
30. Sekine, C., Tsubata, Y., Yamada, T., Kitano, M. & Doi, S. Recent progress of high performance polymer OLED and OPV materials for organic printed electronics. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15, 034203 (2014).10.1088/1468-6996/15/3/034203 ↗
31. Walzer, K., Männig, B., Pfeiffer, M. & Leo, K. Highly efficient organic devices based on electrically doped transport layers. Chem. Rev. 107, 1233–1271 (2007).10.1021/cr050156n ↗
32. Avci, P. et al. Low-level laser (Light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring sequestration. Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. 32, 41–52 (2013).
33. Ash, C., Dubec, M., Donne, K. & Bashford, T. Effect of wavelength and beam width on penetration in light-tissue interaction using computational methods. Lasers Med. Sci. 32, 1909–1918 (2017).10.1007/s10103-017-2317-4 ↗
34. Cieplik, F. et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy–what we know and what we don’t. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 44, 571–589 (2018).10.1080/1040841X.2018.1467876 ↗
35. Ormond, A. B. & Freeman, H. S. Dye sensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Materials (Basel). 6, 817–840 (2013).10.3390/ma6030817 ↗
36. Duan, J. P., Sun, P. P. & Cheng, C. H. New iridium complexes as highly efficient orange-red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater. 15, 224–228 (2003).10.1002/adma.200390051 ↗
37. Kim, K. H. et al. Phosphorescent dye-based supramolecules for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. Nat. Commun. 5, 1–8 (2014).
38. Wang, Y. K. et al. Tilted spiro-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence host for ≈100% exciton harvesting in red phosphorescent electronics with ultralow doping ratio. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1–10 (2018).
39. Zhang, X. W. et al. Top-emitting organic light-emitting device with high efficiency and low voltage using a silver-silver microcavity. Thin Solid Films 518, 1756–1759 (2010).10.1016/j.tsf.2009.11.063 ↗