Electrochemical detection of sulfamethoxazole antibiotics in water using MXene/ZIF-8 composite modified glassy carbon electrode
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract In this research study, we have successfully synthesized MXene, Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) (MOF), MXene/metal-organic framework (MXOF) composite materials using chemical etching and precipitation method to investigate the electrochemical detection of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The morphology of the synthesised materials was confirmed and an electrode was prepared to perform a cyclic voltammetry (CV) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS - pH 7) medium to examine the redox behaviour SMX. The electrodes show the enhancement of sensitivity from 41.29 µAmM−1cm−2 to 77.13 µAmM−1cm−2 with a linear range from 100 to 1000 µl. Compared to MXene and MOF, MXOF shows a good response in the limit of Detection (LOD). Accuracy and efficient monitoring of water quality are confirmed by the recovery rates with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 3% for the MXOF electrode. The prepared electrode displays a potential for biomaterial applications in real-time monitoring.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. United Nations. United Nations Sustainable Development. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/. Accessed March 3, 2025.
2. Fuhrmeister, E. R. et al. Evaluating the relationship between community water and sanitation access and the global burden of antibiotic resistance: an ecological study. Lancet Microbe 4, e591–e600 (2023).10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00137-4 ↗
3. Sgobbi, L. F., Razzino, C. A. & Machado, S. A. S. A disposable electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim antibiotics in urine based on multiwalled nanotubes decorated with Prussian blue nanocubes modified screen-printed electrode. Electrochim. Acta 191, 1010–1017 (2016).10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.151 ↗
4. Cai, M. et al. Determination of sulfamethoxazole in foods based on CeO2/chitosan nanocomposite-modified electrodes. Mater. Sci. Eng.: C. 32, 2623–2627 (2012).10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.017 ↗
5. Qiao, M., Guang-Guo, Y., Andrew, C. S. & Yong-Guan, Z. Review of antibiotic resistance in China and its environment. Environ. Int. 110, 160–172 (2018).10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.016 ↗
6. Pruna, A., Shao, Q., Kamruzzaman, M., Zapien, J. A. & Ruotolo, A. Enhanced electrochemical performance of ZnO nanorod core/polypyrrole shell arrays by graphene oxide. Electrochim. Acta 187, 517–524 (2016).10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.087 ↗
7. Letsoalo, M. R. et al. Efficient detection and treatment of pharmaceutical contaminants to produce clean water for better health and environmental. J. Clean. Prod. 387, 135798 (2023).10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135798 ↗
8. Tajik, S. et al. Recent advances in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detecting bisphenol A. Sensors 20, 3364 (2020).10.3390/s20123364 ↗
9. Reeves, D. S. & Wilkinson, P. J. The pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulphonamide combinations, including penetration into body tissues. Infection 7, S330–S341 (1979).10.1007/BF01639009 ↗
10. Moghaddam, H. et al. Voltammetric determination of droxidopa in the presence of carbidopa using a nanostructured base electrochemical sensor. Russian J. Electrochem. 53, 452–460 (2017).10.1134/S1023193517050123 ↗
11. Ganjali, M. et al. Highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for determination of ascorbic acid using graphite screen printed electrode modified with ZnO/Al2O3 nanocomposite. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 12, 3231–3240 (2017).10.20964/2017.04.07 ↗
12. Beitollahi, H., Somayeh, T., Mohammad Reza, A. & Asghar, M. Glutathione detection at carbon paste electrode modified with ethyl 2-(4-ferrocenyl-[1, 2, 3] triazol-1-yl) acetate, ZnFe2O4nano-particles and ionic liquid. J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng. 12, 209–217 (2022).10.5599/jese.1230 ↗
13. Rossmann, J., Schubert, S., Gurke, R., Oertel, R. & Kirch, W. Simultaneous determination of most prescribed antibiotics in multiple urban wastewater by SPE-LC–MS/MS. J. Chromatogr. B 969, 162–170 (2014).10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.008 ↗
14. Tuerk, J. et al. Analysis of antibiotics in urine and wipe samples from environmental and biological monitoring—comparison of HPLC with UV-, single MS-and tandem MS-detection. J. Chromatogr. B 831, 72–80 (2006).10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.030 ↗
15. Panditi, V. R., Batchu, S. R. & Gardinali, P. R. Online solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry determination of multiple classes of antibiotics in environmental and treated waters. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405, 5953–5964 (2013).10.1007/s00216-013-6863-8 ↗
16. Manikandan, M., Priya, G. L., Manikandan, E. & Sethumadhavan, V. ZnO Nanoparticle-Enhanced Electrochemical Sensor Utilizing Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract for Real-Time Dopamine Detection. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 34, 2153–2162 (2024).10.1007/s10904-023-02955-8 ↗
17. Tomšů, D., Icardo, M. C. & Calatayud, J. M. Automated simultaneous triple dissolution profiles of two drugs, sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim and hydrochlorothiazide–captopril in solid oral dosage forms by a multicommutation flow-assembly and derivative spectrophotometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 36, 549–557 (2004).10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.009 ↗
18. Cembrero, J., Pruna, A., Pullini, D. & Busquets-Mataix, D. Effect of combined chemical and electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide on morphology and structure of electrodeposited ZnO. Ceram. Int. 40, 10351–10357 (2014).10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.03.008 ↗
19. Rodthongkum, N., Ruecha, N., Rangkupan, R., Vachet, R. W. & Chailapakul, O. Graphene-loaded nanofiber-modified electrodes for the ultrasensitive determination of dopamine. Analytica Chim. Acta 804, 84–91 (2013).10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.057 ↗
20. Yukird, J. et al. Label-free immunosensor based on graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin detection. Biosens. Bioelectron. 87, 249–255 (2017).10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.062 ↗
21. Xie, S. et al. Agar/carbon dot crosslinked polyacrylamide double-network hydrogels with robustness, self-healing, and stimulus-response fluorescence for smart anti-counterfeiting. Mater. Chem. Front. 5, 5418–5428 (2021).10.1039/D1QM00338K ↗
22. Senthil Kumar, P., Padmalaya, G., Elavarasan, N. & Sreeja, B. S. A selective analysis of sulfamethoxazole–Trimethoprim in tablet formulations using graphene oxide-zinc oxide quantum dots based nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. Chemosphere 332, 138814 (2023).10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138814 ↗
23. Shetti, N. P. et al. Fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles modified sensor for electrochemical oxidation of methdilazine. Appl. Surf. Sci. 496, 143656 (2019).10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143656 ↗
24. Hai-Hui, W. et al. ZnO nanotubes supported molecularly imprinted polymers arrays as sensing materials for electrochemical detection of dopamine. Talanta 176, 573–581 (2018).10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.083 ↗
25. Ivana, C., Cesarino, V. & Lanza, M. R. V. Carbon nanotubes modified with antimony nanoparticles in a paraffin composite electrode: Simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 188, 1293–1299 (2013).10.1016/j.snb.2013.08.047 ↗
26. Bhengo, T., Moyo, M., Shumba, M. & Okonkwo, O. J. Simultaneous oxidative determination of antibacterial drugs in aqueous solutions using an electrode modified with MWCNTs decorated with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. N. J. Chem. 42, 5014–5023 (2018).10.1039/C8NJ00129D ↗
27. Golinelli, D. L. C., Machado, S. A. S. & Cesarino, I. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle‐Graphene Composites for Electroanalysis Applications using Chemical and Electrochemical Methods. Electroanalysis 29, 1014–1021 (2017).10.1002/elan.201600669 ↗
28. Xuqiang, J., Xu, Y., Zhang, W., Cui, L. & Liu, J. Review of functionalization, structure and properties of graphene/polymer composite fibers. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 87, 29–45 (2016).10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.04.011 ↗
29. Lee, P. M., Wang, Z., Liu, X., Chen, Z. & Liu, E. Glassy carbon electrode modified by graphene–gold nanocomposite coating for detection of trace lead ions in acetate buffer solution. Thin Solid Films 584, 85–89 (2015).10.1016/j.tsf.2015.03.017 ↗
30. Bury, D. et al. Cleaning the environment with MXenes. MRS Bull. 48, 271–282 (2023).10.1557/s43577-023-00507-6 ↗
31. Iravani, S., Zare, E. N., Zarrabi, A., Khosravi, A. & Makvandi, P. MXene/zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) composites: A perspective on their emerging applications. FlatChem 44, 100631 (2024).10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100631 ↗
32. Guo, S. et al. Modification of a carbon paste electrode with a ZnO@ ZIF-8 nanocomposite and fabrication of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for sulfamethoxazole detection. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 16, 210950 (2021).10.20964/2021.08.44 ↗
33. Yao, Y., Han, X., Yang, X., Zhao, J. & Chai, C. Detection of hydrazine at MXene/ZIF‐8 nanocomposite modified electrode. Chin. J. Chem. 39, 330–336 (2021).10.1002/cjoc.202000398 ↗
34. Li, Z. et al. Synthesis and thermal stability of two-dimensional carbide MXene Ti3C2. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 191, 33–40 (2015).10.1016/j.mseb.2014.10.009 ↗
35. Liu, D., Wu, Y., Xia, Q., Li, Z. & Xi, H. Experimental and molecular simulation studies of CO 2 adsorption on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: ZIF-8 and amine-modified ZIF-8. Adsorption 19, 25–37 (2013).10.1007/s10450-012-9407-1 ↗
36. Wang, S. & Zhang, S. Study on the structure activity relationship of ZIF-8 synthesis and thermal stability. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 27, 1317–1322 (2017).10.1007/s10904-017-0585-x ↗
37. Anasori, B., Lukatskaya, M. R. & Gogotsi, Y. 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 1–17 (2017).10.1038/natrevmats.2016.98 ↗
38. Manikandan, M. et al. CdTe nanorods for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide biosensor and optical limiting applications. Ionics 26, 2003–2010 (2020).10.1007/s11581-019-03361-2 ↗
39. Far, H. S., Najafi, M., Hasanzadeh, M. & Rahimi, R. Synthesis of MXene/Metal-Organic Framework (MXOF) composite as an efficient photocatalyst for dye contaminant degradation. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 152, 110680 (2023).10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110680 ↗
40. Far, H. S., Najafi, M., Hasanzadeh, M. & Rabbani, M. Self-supported 3D-printed lattices containing MXene/metal–organic framework (MXOF) composite as an efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 44488–44497 (2022).10.1021/acsami.2c13830 ↗
41. Nordin, N. A. H. M., Ismail, A. F., Misdan, N. & Mohd Nazri, N. A. Modified ZIF-8 mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, 1891 (AIP Publishing, 2017).10.1063/1.5005424 ↗
42. Krishnamoorthy, R., Muthumalai, K., Nagaraja, T., Rajendrakumar, R. T. & Das, S. R. Chemically exfoliated titanium carbide MXene for highly sensitive electrochemical sensors for detection of 4-nitrophenols in drinking water. ACS Omega 7, 42644–42654 (2022).10.1021/acsomega.2c06505 ↗
43. Xu, Q. et al. Facile synthesis of hierarchical MXene/ZIF-67/CNTs composite for electrochemical sensing of luteolin. J. Electroanalytical Chem. 880, 114765 (2021).10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114765 ↗