Progress and prospects of mining with backfill in metal mines in China
Source abstract
Abstract
Mining is the foundation of modern industrial development. In the context of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” era, countries have put forward the development strategy of “adhering to the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.” The ongoing progress and improvement of filling mining technology have provided significant advantages, such as “green mining, safe, efficient, and low-carbon emission,” which is crucial to the comprehensive utilization of mining solid waste, environmental protection, and safety of re-mining. This review paper describes the development history of metal mine filling mining in China and the characteristics of each stage. The excitation mechanism and current research status of producing cementitious materials from blast furnace slag and other industrial wastes are then presented, and the concept of developing cementitious materials for backfill based on the whole solid waste is proposed. The advances in the mechanical characteristics of cemented backfill are elaborated on four typical levels: static mechanics, dynamic mechanics, mechanical influencing factors, and multi-scale mechanics. The working/rheological characteristics of the filling slurry are presented, given the importance of the filling materials conveying process. Finally, the future perspectives of mining with backfill are discussed based on the features of modern filling concepts to provide the necessary theoretical research value for filling mining.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Tailings Management and Properties · Rock Mechanics and Modeling · Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. S.F. Wang, L.C. Sun, Y. Tang, Y. Jing, X.B. Li, and J.R. Yao, Field application of non-blasting mechanized mining using high-frequency impact hammer in deep hard rock mine, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 32(2022), No. 9, p. 3051.10.1016/S1003-6326(22)66002-3 ↗
2. M.F. Cai, D.L. Xue, and F.H. Ren, Current status and development strategy of metal mines, Chin. J. Eng., 41(2019), No. 4, p. 419.
3. J. Wei, J.J. Zhang, X. Wu, and Z.Y. Song, Governance in mining enterprises: An effective way to promote the intensification of resources—taking coal resources as an example, Resour. Policy, 76(2022), art. No. 102623.10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102623 ↗
4. J.Y. Peng, S. Zhang, Y.Y. Han, B.T. Bate, H. Ke, and Y.M. Chen, Soil heavy metal pollution of industrial legacies in China and health risk assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 816(2022), art. No. 151632.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151632 ↗
5. X.J. Liu, H.L. Hou, Y.X. Sun, and P. Zhou, Thinking about the connotation and realization path for green mining in China, Min. Res. Develop., 41(2021), No. 10, p. 181.
6. M.F. Cai, P. Li, W.H. Tan, and F.H. Ren, Key engineering technologies to achieve green, intelligent, and sustainable development of deep metal mines in China, Engineering, 7(2021), No. 11, p. 1513.10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.010 ↗
7. H.J. Lu, C.C. Qi, Q.S. Chen, D.Q. Gan, Z.L. Xue, and Y.J. Hu, A new procedure for recycling waste tailings as cemented paste backfill to underground stopes and open pits, J. Cleaner Prod., 188(2018), p. 601.10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.041 ↗
8. H.F. Qiu, F.S. Zhang, L. Liu, D.Z. Hou, and B.B. Tu, Influencing factors on strength of waste rock tailing cemented backfill, Geofluids, 2020(2020), art. No. 8847623.10.1155/2020/8847623 ↗
9. T.T. Xu, C.Y. Kang, and H. Zhang, China’s efforts towards carbon neutrality: does energy-saving and emission-reduction policy mitigate carbon emissions, J. Environ. Manage., 316(2022), art. No. 115286.10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115286 ↗
10. L.J. Dong, X.J. Tong, X.B. Li, J. Zhou, S.F. Wang, and B. Liu, Some developments and new insights of environmental problems and deep mining strategy for cleaner production in mines, J. Cleaner Prod., 210(2019), p. 1562.10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.291 ↗
11. Y. Wang, C.H. Guo, X.J. Chen, et al., Carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China: goals, implementation path, and prospects, China Geol., 4(2021), No. 4, p. 1.
12. A.X. Wu, G.Z. Jiang, and Y.M. Wang, Review and development trend of new type filling cementing materials in mines, Met. Mine, 3(2018), p. 1.
13. G.R. Feng, Z.H. Wang, T.Y. Qi, et al., Effect of velocity on flow properties and electrical resistivity of cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill (CGFB) slurry in the pipeline, Powder Technol., 396(2022), p. 191.10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.050 ↗
14. R.F. Yan, S.H. Yin, J.M. Liu, L. Zou, Y.B. Mo, and Y.Y. Kou, Rheological properties and calculation models of coarse aggregate paste with polypropylene fiber, J. Cent. South Univ. Sci. Technol., 53(2022), No. 4, p. 1450.
15. W. Liang, K. Li, J.S. Luo, Y.L. Zhe, M.T. Xu, and F.S. Feng, Experimental study on the interaction between backfill and surrounding rock in the overhand cut-and-fill method, Minerals, 12(2022), No. 8, art. No. 1017.10.3390/min12081017 ↗
16. G.L. Xue and E. Yilmaz, Strength, acoustic, and fractal behavior of fiber reinforced cemented tailings backfill subjected to triaxial compression loads, Constr. Build. Mater., 338(2022), art. No. 127667.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127667 ↗
17. B. Sirait, R.K. Wattimena, and N.P. Widodo, Rockburst prediction of a cut and fill mine by using energy balance and induced stress, Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 6(2013), p. 426.10.1016/j.proeps.2013.01.056 ↗
18. J.M. Zhu, Z.W. Ma, J.H. Xu, and J.N. Wu, Research on the technology of filling and repeated mining in thick coal seam affected by small mine gob area, Procedia Eng., 26(2011), p. 1150.10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2285 ↗
19. G.D. Lu, X.G. Yang, S.C. Qi, G. Fan, and J.W. Zhou, Coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects in one-dimensional accretion of cemented mine fills, Eng. Geol., 267(2020), art. No. 105495.10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105495 ↗
20. X.G. Wang and K.Y. Tang, Overview of cut and fill method for mines, Modern Min, 12(2008), p. 2.
21. H. Hu and H.H. Sun, Development of backfill technology and the new backfill process using paste-like material, China Min. Mag., 10(2001), No. 6, p. 47.
22. L. Liu, Z.Y. Fang, B. Zhang, M. Wang, H.F. Qiu, and X.Y. Zhang, Development history and basic categories of mine backfill technology, Met. Mine, 3(2021), p. 10.
23. X.M. Wang, A Study of Filling Materials and Pipeline Transportation Systems in Deep Mines [Dissertation], Central South University, Changsha, 2005, p. 9.
24. S. Cao, G.L. Xue, E. Yilmaz, and Z.Y. Yin, Assessment of rheological and sedimentation characteristics of fresh cemented tailings backfill slurry, Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ., 35(2021), No. 5, p. 319.10.1080/17480930.2020.1826092 ↗
25. D.Q. Ding, Research on the Theory and Technology of Filling the Underground Mining Area with Paste [Dissertation], Central South University, Changsha, 2007, p. 3.
26. R.C. Yu, Development and innovation of cemented filling technology in China, China Min. Eng., 39(2010), No. 5, p. 3.
27. S.H. Yin, Y.J. Shao, A.X. Wu, H.J. Wang, X.H. Liu, and Y. Wang, A systematic review of paste technology in metal mines for cleaner production in China, J. Cleaner Prod., 247(2020), art. No. 119590.10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119590 ↗
28. H.Y. Cheng, A.X. Wu, S.C. Wu, et al., Research status and development trend of solid waste backfill in metal mines, Chin. J. Eng., 44(2022), No. 1, p. 13.
29. C.L. Wang, Z.Z. Ren, Z.K. Huo, et al., Properties and hydration characteristics of mine cemented paste backfill material containing secondary smelting water-granulated nickel slag, Alex. Eng. J., 60(2021), No. 6, p. 4961.10.1016/j.aej.2020.12.058 ↗
30. L. Liu, J. Xin, B. Zhang, X.Y. Zhang, M. Wang, H.F. Qiu, and L. Chen, Basic theories and applied exploration of functional backfill in mines, J. China Coal Soc., 43(2018), No. 7, p. 1811.
31. C.C. Qi, X.Y. Yang, G.C. Li, Q.S. Chen, and Y.T. Sun, Research status and perspectives of the application of artificial intelligence in mine backfilling, J. China Coal Soc., 46(2021), No. 2, p. 688.
32. J.J. Li, E. Yilmaz, and S. Cao, Influence of industrial solid waste as filling material on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of cementitious backfills, Constr. Build. Mater., 299(2021), art. No. 124288.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124288 ↗
33. J.L. Wu, Experimental Research on High Calcium CFB Desulfurization Ash as Raw Material and Admixture of Sulphoaluminate Cement [Dissertation], Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 2021, p. 6–7.
34. L.N. Xiao, Effect of mechanical-chemical coupling activation on pozzolanic activity of copper tailings, Bull. Chin. Ceram. Soc., 39(2020), No. 11, p. 3595.
35. G. Yao, Q. Wang, Y.W. Su, J.X. Wang, J. Qiu, and X.J. Lyu, Mechanical activation as an innovative approach for the preparation of pozzolan from iron ore tailings, Miner. Eng., 145(2020), art. No. 106068.10.1016/j.mineng.2019.106068 ↗
36. Q.M. Lu, Z. Wang, R.L. Zhang, and H.Q. Han, Excitation function of chemical admixture on fly ash-slag-cement cementitious system, Bull. Chin. Ceram. Soc., 37(2018), No. 8, p. 2516.
37. H. Nguyen, E. Adesanya, K. Ohenoja, L. Kriskova, Y. Pontikes, P. Kinnunen, and M. Illikainen, Byproduct-based ettringite binder - A synergy between ladle slag and gypsum, Constr. Build. Mater., 197(2019), p. 143.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.165 ↗
38. Z.Y. Zhao, K.H. Guo, and X.L. Wang, A binder prepared by low-reactivity blast furnace slags for cemented paste backfill: Influence of super-fine fly ash and chemical additives, Constr. Build. Mater., 327(2022), art. No. 126988.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126988 ↗
39. Q. Zhou, J.H. Liu, A.X. Wu, and H.J. Wang, Early-age strength property improvement and stability analysis of unclassified tailing paste backfill materials, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 9, p. 1191.10.1007/s12613-020-1977-4 ↗
40. X.B. Yang, Y.D. Wang, Q. Gao, J.Y. He, and L. Qu, Research on a new cementitious materials based on desulphurization ash and fly ash and its application in Jinchuan Mine, Multipurp. Util. Miner. Resour., 4(2019), No. 4, p. 130.
41. B.L. Xiao, Z.Q. Yang, D.X. Chen, and Q.A. Gao, Impacts of slag-based-binder fineness on strength in mining backfill, Sci. Sin. Technol., 49(2019), No. 4, p. 402.10.1360/N092018-00109 ↗
42. P. Wu, Q. Wang, Q. Liu, and X.J. Lv, Preparation and hydration characteristics of soda residue-slag based cementitious materials, J. China Univ. Min. Technol., 51(2022), No. 4, p. 802.
43. J.S. Qiu, K. Cheng, R.Y. Zhang, Y. Gao, and X. Guan, Study on the influence mechanism of activated coal gangue powder on the properties of filling body, Constr. Build. Mater., 345(2022), art. No. 128071.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128071 ↗
44. T. Yilmaz, B. Ercikdi, and F. Cihangir, Evaluation of the neutralization performances of the industrial waste products (IWPs) in sulphide-rich environment of cemented paste backfill, J. Environ. Manage., 258(2020), art. No. 110037.10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110037 ↗
45. L. Dong, Q. Gao, S.Q. Nan, and J.Q. Du, Performance and hydration mechanism of new super fine cemented whole-tailings backfilling materials, J. Cent. South Univ. Sci. Technol., 44(2013), No. 4, p. 1573.
46. H. Li and H.J. Wang, Influence law of compound admixture on the mechanical properties of filling slurry before and after curing, Acta Mater. Compos. Sin., 39(2022), No. 8, p. 3940.
47. Y. Li, H.H. Sun, Y.H. Zhao, and N. Wang, Research of formation mechanism on cementitious reactivity of water-cooled slag, Chin. J. Proc. Eng., 7(2007), No. 1, p. 79.
48. G. Xie, Y.L. Suo, L. Liu, et al., Mechanical grinding activation of modified magnesium slag and its use as backfilling cementitious material, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 18(2023), art. No. e01778.10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01778 ↗
49. B.S. Gebregziabiher, R. Thomas, and S. Peethamparan, Very early-age reaction kinetics and microstructural development in alkali-activated slag, Cem. Concr. Compos., 55(2015), p. 91.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.001 ↗
50. D.F. Zhao, Reactive MgO-modified slag-based binders for cemented paste backfill and potential heavy-metal leaching behavior, Constr. Build. Mater., 298(2021), art. No. 123894.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123894 ↗
51. L. Liu, S.S. Ruan, Z.Y. Fang, D.Z. Hou, B. Zhang, and W.J. Sun, Modification of magnesium slag and its application in the field of mine filling, J. China Coal Soc., 46(2021), No. 12, p. 3833.
52. F. Wang, Q.Q. Zheng, G.Q. Zhang, C.L. Wang, F. Cheng, and G. Lin, Preparation and hydration mechanism of mine cemented paste backfill material for secondary smelting water-granulated nickel slag, J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., 23(2020), No. 1, p. 52.
53. T.Y. Qi, G.R. Feng, Y.J. Zhang, J. Guo, and Y.X. Guo, Effects of fly ash content on properties of cement paste backfilling, J. Residuals Sci. Technol., 12(2015), No. 3, p. 133.10.12783/issn.1544-8053/12/3/3 ↗
54. Y. Zhao, A. Taheri, M. Karakus, Z.W. Chen, and A. Deng, Effects of water content, water type and temperature on the rheological behaviour of slag-cement and fly ash-cement paste backfill, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 30(2020), No. 3, p. 271.10.1016/j.ijmst.2020.03.003 ↗
55. H.X. Ding and S.Y. Zhang, Quicklime and calcium sulfoaluminate cement used as mineral accelerators to improve the properties of cemented paste backfill with a high volume of fly ash, Materials, 13(2020), No. 18, art. No. 4018.10.3390/ma13184018 ↗
56. Z.Q. Huang, E. Yilmaz, and S.A. Cao, Analysis of strength and microstructural characteristics of mine backfills containing fly ash and desulfurized gypsum, Minerals, 11(2021), No. 4, art. No. 409.10.3390/min11040409 ↗
57. L. Liu, S.S. Ruan, C.C. Qi, et al., Co-disposal of magnesium slag and high-calcium fly ash as cementitious materials in backfill, J. Cleaner Prod., 279(2021), art. No. 123684.10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123684 ↗
58. Y.H. Sheng, G.B. Li, and H.Q. Jiang, Effects of superplasticizers and fly ash on rheological properties of cemented tailings backfill, J. Chongqing Univ., 43(2020), No. 4, p. 60.
59. H.B. Wei, Development and Application of Fly Ash-Slag Filling Cementing Materials by High-Value Utilization of Low-Quality Solid Waste [Dissertation], University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 2021, p. 51.
60. X.F. Zhou, C.Y. Lang, X. Chen, and L.Y. Wen, Influence of activator on microstructure of the desulfurization ash cement, Bull. Chin. Ceram. Soc., 34(2015), No. 5, p. 1435.
61. M. Nag and T. Shimaoka, A novel and sustainable technique to immobilize lead and zinc in MSW incineration fly ash by using pozzolanic bottom ash, J. Environ. Manage., 329(2023), art. No. 117036.10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117036 ↗
62. Y.L. Liu, Z.Y. Mo, Y.P. Su, and Y.H. Chen, State-of-the-art controlled low-strength materials using incineration industrial by-products as cementitious materials, Constr. Build. Mater., 345(2022), art. No. 128391.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128391 ↗
63. J.J. Li, E. Yilmaz, and S. Cao, Influence of solid content, cement/tailings ratio, and curing time on rheology and strength of cemented tailings backfill, Minerals, 10(2020), No. 10, art. No. 922.10.3390/min10100922 ↗
64. C.D. Min, Y. Shi, and Z.X. Liu, Properties of cemented phosphogypsum (PG) backfill in case of partially substitution of composite Portland cement by ground granulated blast furnace slag, Constr. Build. Mater., 305(2021), art. No. 124786.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124786 ↗
65. Q.S. Chen, Q.L. Zhang, C.C. Qi, A. Fourie, and C.C. Xiao, Recycling phosphogypsum and construction demolition waste for cemented paste backfill and its environmental impact, J. Cleaner Prod., 186(2018), p. 418.10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.131 ↗
66. K.W. Rong, W.T. Lan, and H.Y. Li, Industrial experiment of goaf filling using the filling materials based on hemihydrate phosphogypsum, Minerals, 10(2020), No. 4, art. No. 324.10.3390/min10040324 ↗
67. W. Chen, S.S. Yuan, and B. Yuan, Development of red mud activated fly ash-based backfilling material and its activation mechanism, J. Wuhan Univ. Technol., 41(2019), p. 20.
68. J. Zhang, S.C. Li, and Z.F. Li, Investigation the synergistic effects in quaternary binder containing red mud, blast furnace slag, steel slag and flue gas desulfurization gypsum based on artificial neural networks, J. Cleaner Prod., 273(2020), art. No. 122972.10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122972 ↗
69. S.A. Li, R. Zhang, R. Feng, B.Y. Hu, G.J. Wang, and H.X. Yu, Feasibility of recycling bayer process red mud for the safety backfill mining of layered soft bauxite under coal seams, Minerals, 11(2021), No. 7, art. No. 722.10.3390/min11070722 ↗
70. Z.K. Wang, Y.M. Wang, L.B. Wu, et al., Effective reuse of red mud as supplementary material in cemented paste backfill: durability and environmental impact, Constr. Build. Mater., 328(2022), art. No. 127002.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127002 ↗
71. Y.N. Tang, J.X. Fu, W.D. Song, and Y.F. Zhang, Mechanical properties and crack evolution of interbedded cemented tailings backfill, Chin. J. Eng., 42(2020), No. 10, p. 1286.
72. X.P. Song, Y.X. Hao, S. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Liu, and J.B. Li, Mechanical properties, crack evolution and damage characteristics of prefabricated fractured cemented paste backfill under uniaxial compression, Constr. Build. Mater., 330(2022), art. No. 127251.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127251 ↗
73. B.Y. Li, J.X. Zhang, H. Yan, N. Zhou, and M. Li, Experimental investigation into the thermal conductivity of gangue-cemented paste backfill in mine application, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 16(2022), p. 1792.10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.12.123 ↗
74. Y.X. Guo, H.Y. Ran, G.R. Feng, X.J. Du, Y.H. Zhao, and W.S. Xie, Deformation and instability properties of cemented gangue backfill column under step-by-step load in constructional backfill mining, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 29(2022), No. 2, p. 2325.10.1007/s11356-021-15638-z ↗
75. J. Wang, J.X. Fu, and W.D. Song, Mechanical properties and microstructure of layered cemented paste backfill under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading, Constr. Build. Mater., 257(2020), art. No. 119540.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119540 ↗
76. D. Wu, W.T. Hou, S. Liu, and H.B. Liu, Mechanical response of barricade to coupled THMC behavior of cemented paste backfill, Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 14(2020), No. 1, art. No. 39.10.1186/s40069-020-00413-0 ↗
77. J.F. Hou, Z.P. Guo, L.J. Zhao, W.Z. Liu, and Y.X. Zhang, Study on the damage statistical strength criterion of backfill with crack under thermo-mechanical coupling, Int. J. Green Energy, 17(2020), No. 8, p. 501.10.1080/15435075.2020.1763359 ↗
78. X.P. Song, J.B. Li, S. Wang, et al., Study of mechanical behavior and cracking mechanism of prefabricated fracture cemented paste backfill under different loading rates from the perspective of energy evolution, Constr. Build. Mater., 361(2022), art. No. 129737.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129737 ↗
79. F.G. Yang, F. Wu, B.G. Yang, L.T. Li, and Q. Gao, Preparation and performance of composite activated slag-based binder for cemented paste backfill, Chemosphere, 309(2022), art. No. 136649.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136649 ↗
80. X.P. Song, S. Wang, M. Wei, et al., Response of dynamic mechanical properties of alkali rice straw based cemented tailings backfill under SHPB impact load, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met., 31(2021), No. 9, p. 2583.
81. H. Kolsky, An investigation of the mechanical properties of materials at very high rates of loading, Proc. Phys. Soc.: Sect. B, 62(1949), No. 11, p. 678.10.1088/0370-1301/62/11/302 ↗
82. X.B. Li, Z.L. Zhou, Z.Y. Ye, et al., Study of rock mechanical characteristics under coupled static and dynamic loads, Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 27(2008), No. 7, p. 1390.
83. K. Liu, Q.B. Zhang, G. Wu, J.C. Li, and J. Zhao, Dynamic mechanical and fracture behaviour of sandstone under multiaxial loads using a triaxial Hopkinson bar, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52(2019), No. 7, p. 2178.
84. B.P. Zou, Z.Y. Luo, F.J. Xu, H.N. Ding, Z.G. Tao, and M.C. He. Experimental study on impact dynamic characteristics of deep sandstone under thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling conditions, Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 39(2020), No. 9, p. 1750.
85. K.W. Xia, S. Wang, Y. Xu, R. Chen, and B.B. Wu, Advances in experimental studies for deep rock dynamics, Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 40(2021), No. 3, p. 448.
86. J.H. Hu, Z. Tao, X.T. Ding, G.P. Wen, Z.S. Wen, and M.M. Guo, Dynamic response mechanism of a rock-filling interfacial coupling body to blasting in it, Explos. Shock Waves, 41(2021), No. 8, p. 164.
87. F.Q. Gong, X.F. Si, X.B. Li, and S.Y. Wang, Dynamic triaxial compression tests on sandstone at high strain rates and low confining pressures with split Hopkinson pressure bar, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 113(2019), p. 211.10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.12.005 ↗
88. D. Zheng, W.D. Song, S. Cao, and J.J. Li, Dynamical mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of cemented tailings backfill considering coupled strain rates and confining pressures effects, Constr. Build. Mater., 320(2022), art. No. 126321.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126321 ↗
89. P. Wang, T.B. Yin, and B.W. Hu, Dynamic tensile strength and failure mechanisms of thermally treated sandstone under dry and water-saturated conditions, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 30(2020), No. 8, p. 2217.10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65374-2 ↗
90. S. Cao, Research on Structural Characteristics and Dynamic Effects of Cemented Tailings Backfilling and Its Application [Dissertation], University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 2017, p. 58.
91. G.L. Xue, E. Yilmaz, G.R. Feng, S. Cao, and L.J. Sun, Reinforcement effect of polypropylene fiber on dynamic properties of cemented tailings backfill under SHPB impact loading, Constr. Build. Mater., 279(2021), art. No. 122417.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122417 ↗
92. E.Y. Liu, Q.L. Zhang, Y. Feng, and J.W. Zhao, Experimental study of static and dynamic mechanical properties of doubledeck backfill body, Environ. Earth Sci., 76(2017), No. 20, art. No. 689.10.1007/s12665-017-7011-0 ↗
93. X. Chen, X.Z. Shi, J. Zhou, E.M. Li, P.Y. Qiu, and Y.G. Gou, High strain rate compressive strength behavior of cemented paste backfill using split Hopkinson pressure bar, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 31(2021), No. 3, p. 387.10.1016/j.ijmst.2021.03.008 ↗
94. W. Yang, Q.L. Zhang, S. Yang, and X.M. Wang, Mechanical property of high concentration total tailing cemented backfilling under dynamic loading, J. Cent. South Univ. Sci. Technol. 48(2017), No. 1, p. 156.
95. Y.F. Hu, K.Q. Li, B. Han, H.Y. Li, and J.T. Zhao, Strength development and optimization analysis of mixed aggregate backfill based on RSM-DF, J. Cent. South Univ. Sci. Technol., 53(2022), No. 2, p. 620.
96. J.Y. Wu, H.W. Jing, Q. Yin, B. Meng, and G.S. Han, Strength and ultrasonic properties of cemented waste rock backfill considering confining pressure, dosage and particle size effects, Constr. Build. Mater., 242(2020), art. No. 118132.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118132 ↗
97. Y.H. Zhao, Y.X. Guo, G.R. Feng, C.Q. Li, W.S. Xie, and C.L. Zhang, Study on strength and deformation characteristics of cemented gangue backfill body under the coupling action of load and salt erosion, Constr. Build. Mater., 342(2022), art. No. 128003.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128003 ↗
98. B. Koohestani, A.K. Darban, E. Darezereshki, P. Mokhtari, E. Yilmaz, and E. Yilmaz, The influence of sodium and sulfate ions on total solidification and encapsulation potential of iron-rich acid mine drainage in silica gel, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6(2018), No. 2, p. 3520.10.1016/j.jece.2018.05.037 ↗
99. N. Zhou, C.W. Dong, J.X. Zhang, G.H. Meng, and Q.Q. Cheng, Influences of mine water on the properties of construction and demolition waste-based cemented paste backfill, Constr. Build. Mater., 313(2021), art. No. 125492.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125492 ↗
100. G.Z. Jiang, A.X. Wu, H. Li, Y.M. Wang, and H.J. Wang, Long-term strength performance of sulfur tailings filling and its affecting factors, J. Cent. South Univ. Sci. Technol., 49(2018), No. 6, p. 1504.