Thermo-protective properties of polymer composites with nano-titanium dioxide
Source abstract
Abstract
The present work investigates the ablative and thermal properties of an epoxy resin which was modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles having different size. Prepared samples were submitted to temperatures above 1900 °C and tested for their thermo-protective and ablative properties. The effect of epoxy composite components on thermo-protective and ablative properties: the maximum back side temperature, and the average weight loss under intensive heat flow conditions as well as temperature distribution on the ablation surface of the sample using a thermographic camera and a pyrometer have been established. A statistical analysis of the test results was made. It was confirmed that epoxy resin crosslinked with polyaminoamide hardener and modified with TiO2(21 nm) i TiO2(100 nm+1% Mn) showed improved thermo-protective properties in comparison with unmodified epoxy matrix.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation · Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry · Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. Al-Ajaj, I.A., Abd, M.M., Jaffer, H.I.: Mechanical properties of micro and nano TiO2/epoxy composites. IJMMME, 1 (2013), ISSN 2320-4060
2. Anselme, P.: Titanium dioxide. Titanium Dioxide Manufacturers Association (2013). http://www.cristal.com
3. Bahramian, A.R., Kokabi, M.: Ablation mechanism of polymer layered silicate nanocomposite heat shield. J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 445–454 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.06110.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.061 ↗
4. Bahramian, A.R.: Effect of external heat flux on the thermal diffusivity and ablation performance of carbon fiber reinforced novolac resin composite. Iran. Polym. J. 22, 579–589 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0157-z10.1007/s13726-013-0157-z ↗
5. Bakar, M., Kostrzewa, M., Białkowska, A., Pawelec, Z.: Effect of mixing parameters on the mechanical and thermal properties of nanoclay modified epoxy resin. High Perform. Polym. 26, 299–306 (2014)10.1177/0954008313512141 ↗
6. Bakar, M., Kucharczyk, W., Stawarz, S.: Investigation of thermal and ablative properties of modified epoxy resins. Polym. Polym. Compos. 24, 617–623 (2016)
7. Bakar, M., Szymańska, J., Rudecka, J., Fitas, J.: Effect of reactive diluents and kaolin on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. Polym. Polym. Compos. 18, 503–510 (2010)
8. Bowers, J.: Nano titanium dioxide (2012). http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154762
9. Chang, L., Zhang, Z., Breidt, C., Friedrich, K.: Tribological properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. Enhancement of the wear resistance by nano-TiO2 particle. Wear 258, 141 (2005)10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.005 ↗
10. Chatterjee, A., Islam, M.S.: Fabrication and characterization of TiO2—epoxy nanocomposite. Mater. Sci. Eng, A 487, 574–585 (2008)10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.052 ↗
11. Chen, X.B., Mao, S.S.: Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis properties, modifications, and applications. Chem. Rev. 107, 2891–2959 (2007)10.1021/cr0500535 ↗
12. Ciech-Sarzyna Co.: Informative papers of products Nowa Sarzyna ( in Polish ) (2014). http://ciechgroup.com/produkty/
13. Czub, P., Bończa-Tomaszewski, Z., Penczek, P., Pielichowski, J.: The chemistry and the technology of epoxy resins (in Polish). Scientifically-Technical Publishing House WNT, Warszawa (2002)
14. Dimitrienko, YuI: Thermomechanical behaviour of composite materials and structures under high temperature: 1. Mater. Compos. A 28a, 453–461 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(96)00144-310.1016/S1359-835X(96)00144-3 ↗
15. Fujishima, A., Zhang, X.: Titanium dioxide photocatalysis: present situation and future approaches. C R Chimie 9, 750–760 (2006)10.1016/j.crci.2005.02.055 ↗
16. Haack, A.: Latest achievements and perspectives in tunnel safety. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 19, 305 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2004.01.00710.1016/j.tust.2004.01.007 ↗
17. Hassanzadeh-Aghdam, M.K., Ansari, R.: Thermomechanical investigation of unidirectional carbon fiber-polymer hybrid composites containing CNTs. Int. J. Mech. Mater. 14, 1–18 (2018)10.1007/s10999-017-9368-3 ↗
18. Hsieh, T.H., Kinloch, A.J., Masania, K., Taylor, A.C., Sprenger, S.: The mechanisms and mechanics of the toughening of epoxy polymers modified with silica nanoparticles. Polymer 51, 6284–6294 (2010)10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.048 ↗
19. Hu, Y., Tsai, H.L., Huang, C.L.: Effect of brookite phase on the anatase–rutile transition in titania nanoparticles. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 23, 691–696 (2003)10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00194-2 ↗
20. Jackowski, A.: Ablation flat wall erosion under floating layer ablation (in Polish). Biuletyn WAT 460, 23–33 (1986)
21. Kucharczyk, W.: Ablative and abrasive wear of phenolic–formaldehyde glass laminates with powder fillers. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc 14, 11–17 (2012)
22. Kucharczyk, W.: Some ablative properties of epoxy composites used for thermoprotection (in Polish). Przemysł Chemiczny 89, 1673–1676 (2010)
23. Kucharczyk, W., Dusiński, D., Żurowski, W., Gumiński, R.: Effect of composition on ablative properties of epoxy composites modified with expanded perlite. Compos. Struct. 183, 654–662 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.04710.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.047 ↗
24. Kucharczyk, W., Przybyłek, P., Opara, T.A.: Investigation of the thermal protection ablative properties of thermosetting composites with powder fillers: the corundum Al2O3 and the carbon powder C. Pol. J. Chem. Technol. 15, 49–53 (2013). https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2013-006710.2478/pjct-2013-0067 ↗
25. Kucharczyk, W.: Investigation of the thermal protection ablative properties of polymer composites with powder fillers (in Polish). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Technical University of Radom, Radom (2007)
26. Leszek, W.: Empirical research. Some methodological issues [in Polish], 1st edn. Institute for Sustainable Technologies in Radom, Radom (1997)
27. Li, H., Wang, D., Chen, H., Liu, B., Gao, L.: The shielding effect of nano TiO2 on collagen under UV radiation. Macromol. Biosci. 3, 351–353 (2003)10.1002/mabi.200350003 ↗
28. Lin, W.S.: Steady ablation on the surface of a two-layer composite. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 48, 5504–5519 (2005)10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.06.040 ↗
29. Lombardi, M., Fino, P., Malucelli, G., Montanaro, L.: Exploring composites based on PPO blend as ablative thermal protection systems—Part I: the role of layered fillers. Compos. Struct. 94, 1067–1074 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.10.01910.1016/j.compstruct.2011.10.019 ↗
30. Merad, L., Benyoucef, B., Abadie, M.J.A., Charles, J.P.: Characterization and mechanical properties of epoxy resin reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 6, 205–209 (2011)10.3923/jeasci.2011.205.209 ↗
31. Montgomery, D.C.: Design and analysis of experiments. Wiley, New York (2009)
32. NIST NCSTAR 1: Federal building and fire safety investigation of the world trade center disaster: final report on the collapse of the World Trade Center. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, September 2005. Retrieved Jun 12, 2006, from http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=909236
33. Ono, K., Otsuka, T.: Fire design requirement for various tunnels. In: 32nd ITA—World Tunnel Congress, Seoul, April 25th 2006. Retrieved Jun 23, 2006, from www.ita2006.com
34. Patton, R.D., JrCU, Pittman, Wang, L., Hill, J.R., Day, A.: Ablation, mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of vapour grown carbon fiber-phenolic matrix composites. Compos. A 33, 243–251 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00092-610.1016/S1359-835X(01)00092-6 ↗
35. Rajabi, L., Mohammadi, Z., Derakhshan, A.A.: Thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of nano and micron-TiO2 particles reinforced epoxy composites: effect of mixing method. Iran. J. Chem. Eng. 10, p (2013)
36. Rao, P.S., Mohana, KChK, Vijay, S.B.M., Govinda, R.P., Surya, P.A.: Synthesis of nano titanium dioxide powder using MWP (microwave plasma) and its characterization. IJMER 2, 1150–1156 (2012)
37. Sigma-Aldrich Co.: Informative papers of products. Titanium (IV) oxide (2014). http://www.sigmaaldrich.com
38. Song, G.M., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y.J.: Effect of carbide particles on the ablation properties of tungsten composites. Mater. Charact. 50, 293–303 (2003a). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-5803(03)00123-210.1016/S1044-5803(03)00123-2 ↗
39. Song, G.M., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y.J.: Thermomechanical properties of TiC particle reinforced tungsten composites for high temperature applications. Int. J. Refract. Metals Hard Mater. 21, 1–12 (2003b)10.1016/S0263-4368(02)00105-1 ↗
40. Szymańska, J., Bakar, M., Białkowska, A., Kostrzewa, M.: Study on the adhesive properties of reactive liquid rubber toughened epoxy-clay hybrid nanocomposites. J. Polym. Eng., Published online 09-11-2017. https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-009910.1515/polyeng-2017-0099 ↗
41. Wetzel, B., Rosso, P., Haupert, F., Friedrich, K.: Epoxy nanocomposites—fracture and toughening mechanism. Eng. Fract. Mech. 73, 2375 (2006)10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.05.018 ↗
42. Wilkinson, T.: The World Trade Center and 9/11: the discussion of some engineering design issues. National Conference “Safe Buildings for This Century”. Australian Institute of Building Surveyors, Sydney (2002)
43. Willam, K., Rhee, I., Shing, B.: Interface damage model for thermomechanical degradation of heterogeneous materials. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 193, 3327–3350 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2003.09.02010.1016/j.cma.2003.09.020 ↗
44. Yu, F.-Er.: Study on the ablation materials of modified polyurethane/polysiloxane. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. National Sun Yat-sen University, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Guangzhou (2004)